Showing posts with label Italy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Italy. Show all posts

Saturday, 25 March 2017

Poem ~ Russia And Speculation - Sunday, 25 March 1917 - Saturday, 31 March 1917


Source: File: Vladimir 'Lenin' Ilyich Ulyanov in Exile. Collective Leadership. See an original image at: <http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/11562318> [Accessed 25 March 2017]

16 March 1917 of the Gregorian calendar,
Noted how just over a week of revolution
Within Russia brought out reactions from
Other world countries - America's press
Were positive to respect Russia's people.

The view had arrived from New York,
Unblended by a lengthy Berlin wireless
Message to neutral countries - whose
Influence of assistance had funded
The return of Bolsheviks to Russia.

This included one certain figure intent
To lead the party; Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
Known by alias Lenin - propaganda from
Germany had sought to suggest how
Russia would then be out of the war.

London opinion had no such thought -
Rebirth of Russian determination
Was suggestion - united Russian, free
Of plots would be better equipped;
Revolts success would defeat Germany,

A Petrograd dispatch told how army
Was on revolutionary side - two years
Of war bled away complete Tsar loyalty
And obedience to the Empire - America
Had welcomed the change of rule.

To say how entrusted Duma leaders
With others were directing the empire -
Maladministration’s had been turned
Upside down to realise ambitions; for
Russian access to unfrozen seas.

News of the Tsar's abdication raised
By press, as in the New York Times,
Noted the passing of an old regime,
Maybe to herald a new free world;
Democratic countries looked to Russia.

Democracy would free Russian
People - that good organization
Would make defeat of revolution
Impossible - what then will those
Autocrats in Germany consider?

The New York Tribune had debated
How changes of Russian rule may
Be decisive act to defeat Germany -
Within New York Times was theory
Of temporary abdication of monarchy.

To see new constitutional Tsar form
That could rule as head of the state;
America eagerly awaited more news.
Yet German reaction was subdued;
Perhaps a more realistic viewpoint.

Overall the view from Germany
Was one of regret and unknown -
How might alliances be affected?
A warning made by press to say
Caution against any change in war.

Deutsche Zeitung; 'personalities are
Central to events,' Vassische Zeitung;
Advised judgment; Berliner Tageblatt
Warned of anti monarchy; Frankfurter
Zeitung stated; can be no prediction.

A calmer reaction purveyed France
Where Press in the 'Temps' saw a shift
To the left in Bureaucracy and peoples
Struggles - a power shift to a bloc held
By assemblies and an army majority.

Yet the 'Temps' reminded the reader by
France's own historical fight for liberty.
Holland held change as victory for war
Parties, to end speculation of separate
Peace between Russia and Germany.

Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant added,
Idea of revolution would lend continuation
Of war - Italian military situation would
Not alter due to rapid manner of revolt -
Italy said: 'evil out of which good will come.'

Skepticism dominated - such Russian
Events as a telegram in Austrian capital
Of Vienna - any results of rising were far
Too soon to speculate; the coup d'etate
Would have a world reaching effects.

Analysis of Denmark dwelled on theory
That the old government had tendencies
Of a bond with Germany - in a renewal
Of rule, Russia would lean to envigoured
Route into the war as shared in Britain.

British MP Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron
Weardale's statement in an interview
Told of close acquaintance of many
Members of the new Russian cabinet -
To hope for new freedoms for people.

Stanhope shared belief of resurgence
By military presence on the fighting
Field - how agricultural movements
Would now be restored, to deal with
Food shortages with Moscow at centre.

Seen as important, British opinion held
Thoughts of Henry Mayes Hyndman,
A founder of Britain’s first socialist party;
This had been an ideal revolution
Where limited blood had been spilled.

A 'parasitical class' had been overturned
To claim facts had been issued in 'Justice,'
5 months before - background intrigue
Had led to downfall, while Miliukoff gained
Praise by Hyndman for smooth revolt.

So Kaiser be warned writing is on wall -
A world was watching wheel of revolution
For a smoothed shift of Russian power,
To rise and crush Germany; yet a wary
World should beware of revolutionaries.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1917. A Worlds View On The Russian Revolt - America Delighted. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 8 March 1917. P.6. Col.4. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214364/Daily-Telegraph-March-8-1917.html> [Accessed: 25 March 2017].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 25 March 2017). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Russia

Wednesday, 28 December 2016

Poem ~ Peace In A Note - Thursday, 28 December 1916 - Friday, 29 December 1916

Source: File: Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg. See an original image at: <https://macedonia1912-1918.blogspot.co.uk/2016/12/ww1-leaders-german-statesmen-and-army.html> [Accessed 28 December 2016]

Possibly prompted and basking in glow
Of success over Roumanian defeat,
Germany purveyed idea of negotiated
Peace - perhaps to believe that with
Advent of Christmas and goodwill to all
Men that this might be taken seriously.

Came an echo of previous attestations,
Where war's conclusion might become
Reality - another chapter for peace
Emerged from words by the German
Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg
12 December 1916, given in a speech.

The act of Roumania's entry to conflict
Began the body of the speech before
The Reichstag podium - in seriousness
Of the situation was noted Field Marshall
Von Hindenburg's strength - who had
Captured Bucharest and Wallachia.

This had been achieved alongside other
Fronts; the Somme, Italy and Russian -
Without any let up Hiddenburg pushed
All operations onwards. A twist existed
In Roumanian foodstuffs stocks,
While German enemies felt a famine.

The speech entwined praise and awe
On emperor's heart, by 1st anniversary
August 1915 - words told how Germany's
Empire was not a besieged fortress, but
An organised nation - having limitless
Resources, alongside a force of allies. 

Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg
Laid out claims to a nation of defence
And freedom - having quite forgotten
Their initial invading aggression -
Ever ready to hold out the German
Hand made claim of a peaceful country.

'God, humanity and nation' - three
Elements evoked the story, how all
Attempts for German declarations
Of peace were always avoided -
A reluctant Kaiser had mobilised,
Prompted by Russian mobilisation.

To claim throughout months of war,
The emperor wanted only peace -
His morals and religion nature finally
Prompted him to make official
Request for war's end, for harmony
With hostile countries in mutual peace.

Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg
Advised he had sent a transmission
Of a note for peace to major neutral
States; Switzerland, America and
Spain - ensuring all hostile powers
Received this, as well as neutrals.

To include the Pope who had always
Been an agent for a peaceful end
To conflict - the peace note circulated
To Constantinople, Vienna and Sofia.
The Chancellor edged towards reading
Circulated note in challenging enemy.

Greatest of all claims was the real
Existence of German world power,
And their clear conscience to act
In choosing peace over slaughter -
If declined than those that fought
Against them are wars perpetuators.

By suggestion that their enemies
Seek only to conquer how they,
With such words, spin doctor this
Situation - 'God will be the judge'
As Germany carrys on their way;
A burden of horror will be enemies.

To state the obvious catastrophe
Of conflict over much of the world,
Germany was not out to annihilate
Their adversaries, in a war forced
On them - yet a strong economy
Would enable them to continue.

A bitter end would be no problem,
Though civilization might dissolve
Into ruin - victories in Balkan arena
Only showed German power - how
That situation justifies their nations
Claim to unrelenting successes.

'Germany then carries on a war
Of defence' - she fights to assure
Integrity of frontiers and liberty
Of her nation' - for free intellect
And to develop peaceful energy
Alongside neighboring nations.

A pontification address to pope's
Intentions was to set out Germany
As subject of victimisation - only
Germany was ready for peace -
Setting forth an understanding for
The Holy See to channel outcome.

Making out his congratulations for
Imperial chancellors speech came
Reports via neutrals, quoting words
Of Marshal von Hindenburg - whose
Emotion was a soldier’s response;
'To live and die for the fatherland.'

Words from a Berlin telegram added
More prophetic rhetoric; Hiddenburg
Declared the highest holy duty by
Prosecuting victory another, Dr von
Bethmann-Hollweg, stated the words
As being both the army and peoples.

To reinforce that if German enemies
Did not terminate the war, guarantee
Of Germany is to fight and secure
Fatherland a strong, lasting peace -
Meanwhile neutral reactions came
In with importance of United States.

Missouri politician and chairman
Of Senate Committee for Foreign
Relations, William Stone, addressed
The 'League to Enforce Peace' - as
An advocate of American neutrality,
With right to open up negotiations.

William Stone refused all warnings
From any foreign statesmen opinions,
That United states peace movements
Would be seen as futile and offensive.
He pointed out that USA had lost lives
And property due to European events.

Despite this that the USA movements
Should not be considered as meddlers,
But as a friend who had been affected
By wars ruthless acts - what might then
Happen from the latest initiatives from
Germany; might peace come in 1917?

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Hindenburg And Peace - Significant Telegrams. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 15 December 1916. P.10. Col.3. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12213996/Daily-Telegraph-December-15-1916.htmll> [Accessed: 28 December 2016].

Anon.,1916. The Peace Proposal - An American View. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 15 December 1916. P.10. Col.6. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12213996/Daily-Telegraph-December-15-1916.htmll> [Accessed: 28 December 2016].

Source: File: Extract from the Speech of Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg in the German Reichstag, December 12, 1916. Available at: <https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Extract_from_the_Speech_of_Chancellor_von_Bethmann-Hollweg_in_the_German_Reichstag,_December_12,_1916> [Accessed 25 December 2016]

Source: File: Official Communications and Speeches Relating to Peace Proposals 1916-1917. Available at: <https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Official_Communications_and_Speeches_Relating_to_Peace_Proposals_1916-1917> [Accessed 25 December 2016]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 28 December 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Peace

Tuesday, 4 October 2016

Poem ~ Fight for Red Tower Pass - Wednesday, 04 October 1916

Source: File: Red Tower at the entrance of the Pass. See an original image at: <http://www.kaiserscross.com/69501/495801.html> [Accessed 4 October 2016]

From the Balkan area, Romanian campaign
Targeted the union of central powers, alongside
Russian forces on side of the triple entent -
Partly by force, partly in having set eyes upon
Provinces of Transylvania and Bukowina.

Hours prior to Italy's declaration, Roumania
Made her intent open on Austria-Hungary -
Embarking on a high rocky frontline, far
Different to the western front - to initially
Encounter little resistance at Siebenbürgen.

Colonel General Arz von Straussenburg
Of Austro-Hungary army was reassigned
To the Roumania campaign, to set about
Building defences of a line of border guards;
Known as Grenzschutz and Landsturm forces.

Reinforcements came in form of Alpenkorps,
Specialized in mountain fighting - yet transport
In the area played against them, from lack
Of mules - a human version arrived in shape
Of General Von Falkenhayn, sent from Verdun.

Falkenhayn, 'Blood Miller' of Verdun, sought
To prove his strategies and set out to attack
Romanians - with him orders were not sufficient
To beat but rather destroy this enemy - but this
Would not prove so easy on mountain ranges.

Alpen Korps were to climb to the Cibin Mountain
Where their target was the Roten Turm Pass -
News passed in October's start, via Switzerland
And Vienna, of events between Carpathian
Mountains - to be known as the Red Tower Pass.

Historically the route had always held strategic
Values, having once involved Ottoman armies
And Hungarian revolution - here the river Olt
Flowed as a Romanian river - Monday 2 October
News told of Austro-Hungarian and German forces.

Belief of four or five German divisions bulked
Up the presence - possibly 15,000 soldiers
Combined from other fronts - resistance held
By Roumanians south of Transylvania commune,
Hermannstadt, where their forces remained.

Hermannstadt lying on a tributary of the river Olt,
Where the Cibin heights experienced destruction
Before, during an invasion of Mongols way back
In the Middle Ages - then a village, had grown
Into a fortified walled city, to resist any invasion.

By 1916 in the midst of a wider war, the city
Hermannstadt had already seen the Austrians
Evacuation, to be opened up for Roumanians;
Yet no invading force entered, as they held
Surrounding higher ground in their strategy.

While Hermannstadt stood open, apparently
Willing to hand over to Roumanians, their
Enemy gathered further forces from Maros
Valley - this then could have been a trap,
From which the Roumanains failed to take.

Numbers from the Maros valley through
The veins of Hatzeger Mountains, sought
To entrap Roumanians about the rear - from
Sources of Austrian press, told of a fierce
Battle that had begun 27 September 1916.

The fight had opened in the morning along
The Hatzegers northern ridge - between
Hermannstadt and Petroseny and centering
On Tulisini mountain, where at 2000 metres
The Roumanians gave heroic resistance.

While no final outcome had yet been made,
The Roumanian army had set out diversions
About Schnellenberg, Szekely and Udvarhely
Areas in defence of Tulisini's high ground; the
Army dug in with new positions and held on.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Desperate Battle. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 3 October 1916. P.7. Col.36. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12213366/Daily-Telegraph-October-3-1916.html> [Accessed: 4 October 2016].

Source: File: The Soldier's Burden - Red Tower Pass. Available at: <http://www.kaiserscross.com/69501/495801.html> [Accessed 4 October 2016]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 4 October 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Romania

Poem ~ Lupta pentru Red Tower Pass - Miercuri 4 Octombrie 1916

Sursa: Fișier: Turnul Roșu la intrarea Pass. A se vedea o imagine originală la: <http://www.kaiserscross.com/69501/495801.html> [Accesat 04 Octombrie 2016]

Din zona balcanică, campania românească
Targeted uniunea puterilor centrale, alături de
Forțele rusești pe partea de triplu entent -
Parțial prin forță, parțial, în care au aruncat ochii asupra
Provinciile din Transilvania și Bucovina.

Ore înainte de declarația Italiei, României
A făcut intenția sa deschisă Austro-Ungaria -
Îmbarcă pe un front, stâncos înalt, departe
Diferită de frontul de vest - la început
Întâlni o mică rezistență la Siebenbürgen.

Generalul colonel Arz von Straussenburg
Austro-Ungaria, armata a fost redistribuit
La campania României, pentru a stabili despre
Construirea de apărare a unei linii de polițiști de frontieră;
Cunoscut sub numele de forțe Grenzschutz și Landsturm.

Întăririle a venit în formă de Alpenkorps,
Specializat in lupte de munte - încă de transport
În zona de jucat împotriva lor, din cauza lipsei
Catârilor - o versiune umană a ajuns în formă
A generalului von Falkenhayn, trimis de la Verdun.

Falkenheyn, "Blood Miller" de la Verdun, a căutat
Pentru a dovedi strategiile sale și să stabilească un atac
Românii - cu el comenzi nu au fost suficiente pentru
A bate, ci mai degrabă distruge acest inamic - dar acest lucru
Nu s-ar dovedi atât de ușor pe lanțuri muntoase.

Alpen Korps au fost de a urca la muntele Cibinului
În cazul în care ținta lor a fost Roten Turm Pass -
Știrile au trecut in start lui octombrie, prin Elveția
Și Viena, de evenimente între Carpatica
Munții - să fie cunoscut sub numele de Red Tower Pass.

Punct de vedere istoric traseul a deținut întotdeauna
Strategic valorile, după ce a implicat o dată armate
Otomane și revoluția ungară - aici râul Olt
Curgeau ca un râu românesc - Luni 02 octombrie
Știrile spus forțelor austro-ungare și germane.

Credință a patru sau cinci divizii germane comasează
Up prezența - eventual 15.000 de soldați
Combinate din alte fronturi - rezistență deținute
Până la sud, din comuna românilor Transilvania,
Hermannstadt, în cazul în care forțele lor au rămas.

Hermannstadt situată pe un afluent al râului Olt,
În cazul în care înălțimile Cibinului cu experiență distrugere
Înainte, în timpul unei invazii a mongolilor cale de întoarcere
În Evul Mediu - apoi un sat, a crescut
Într-un oraș fortificat cu pereți, pentru a rezista la orice invazie.

În 1916, în mijlocul unui război mai larg, orașul
Hermannstadt au văzut deja austriecii Evacuarea,
Care urmează să fie deschis pentru românii; cu toate
Acestea, nici o forță invadator a intrat, așa cum au avut loc
Înconjurătoare la sol mai mare în strategia lor.

În timp ce Hermannstadt era deschisă, aparent
Dispus să predea românilor, lor
Inamic s-au adunat forțe suplimentare de la Maros
Valley - acest lucru, atunci ar fi fost o capcană,
Din care Roumanains nu a luat.

Numerele din vale Maros prin Venele Munților
Hatzeger, a căutatPentru a prinde în capcană
despre partea din spate românilor - din
Surse din presa austriacă, a declarat unui feroce
Luptă care a început 27 septembrie 1916.

Lupta a deschis în dimineața de-a lungul
Creasta nordică Hatzegers - între Hermannstadt
Și Petroseny și de centrare Pe Tulisini de munte,
În cazul în care, la 2000 de metri
Românii au dat rezistență eroică.

În timp ce nici un rezultat final au fost încă făcute,
Armatei române au stabilit în diversiuni
Despre Schnellenberg, Szekely și Udvarhely
Zone de apărare a mare la sol Tulisini lui;
Armata săpate în poziții cu noi și a avut loc la.

de Jamie Mann.

Anon., 1916. Battle disperați. The Daily Telegraph, [on-line] 03 octombrie 1916. P.7. Col.36. Disponibil la adresa: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12213366/Daily-Telegraph-October-3-1916.html> [Accesat: 04 octombrie 2016].

Sursa: Fișier: ostașului Sarcina - Red Tower Pass. Disponibil la adresa: <http://www.kaiserscross.com/69501/495801.html> [Accesat 04 octombrie 2016]

Mann, J., 2016. acum 100 de ani - Poezii de Jamie Mann. [Scrisoare] (comunicare personală din 4 octombrie 2016).

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12213366/Daily-Telegraph-October-3-1916.html

http://worldwaroneblogger.blogspot.co.uk/


# WW1 # WW1centenary #GreatWar # WW1poem #GreatWar # WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered # WW1Romania

Sunday, 15 November 2015

Poem ~ The Acona Event - Monday 15 November 1915

Source: File: SS Ancona.jpeg, [online] An original image can be seen at: <http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?134717> [Accessed: 11 November 2015].

With one more unrepentent blow
At sea, another effect started to grow
Amid the opinions of American people -
This came on top of murder of Cavell,
By German execution and Lusitania
Sinking from six months before.

The SS Ancona was built in Ireland,
Operated in Genoa, by Italian Steamers
Navigation Society as a passenger liner.
Stopping at Messina, on the toe of Italy,
The liner took on more passengers -
To leave Sunday evening, 5 p.m.

With 163 crew, out a total of 446
Aboard, the Ancona began her voyage.
By Monday 8 November to sail south East
Of Sardinia by Cape Carbonara - under
The lead of Captain Massardo - varied
nationalities included Americans.

Among the cargo, entrusted to a civil
Servant, was a shipment of silver and
12 trunks of gold - believed to be intended
To purchase arms for Italy - as morning
Moved on an explosion hit the sea -
Some twenty yards from the ship.

At the same time a submarine shape
Was spotted, several kilometers distant -
The Ancona was steaming as the German
Boat gave chase - although it was flying
Austrian flag - shells were being fired
To destroy the onboard wireless.

The passengers were thrown
into panic - the time was closing
Towards 1p.m. as boats were lowered -
With the Ancona moving, the first
boat capsized and they fell into
Water - all to be drowned.

The second boat touched water,
Only to be hit by a torpedo - the third
Lowered, during which several people fell
Overboard; still the firing continued until
finally the Ancona halted at rest - then
Came the submarine at 200 yards.

From prow to stern, shells had then
Peppered the boat - Captain Massardo
Rushed through the Ancona, still to find
Some 30 aboard - he ordered the last
Boat down with rest of the crew, final
Passengers and the 2nd officer.

Captain Massardo stood on deck,
As the submarine with Austrian flag,
Fired a torpedo, he awaited the shock which
Struck; to leaving a gaping hole - Ancona
Began inevitable movements down -
Another enemy flag was hoisted.

The steamer lurched and prompted
Captain and his first officer begin a climb
Down, by use of a cable, towards the sea -
But as the ship rose they were forced
To jump - they made it to a lifeboat,
To aid others as the Ancona sank.

American reactions to Captain's
Account, caused a perception, from
Fact that the Ancona came under attack,
Without any warning - silence cracked
By protests, with the New York Times
To exclaim downright murder.

Outrage was fueled by fact 
That some Americans had been
On board the SS Ancona - President
Maintained neutrality - this was
Strained by people and press,
Echoed by a dinner speaker.

Joseph Hodges Choate, who had
Once been an ambassador in Britain,
Made it known, despite the Government
Stance, he totally supported the allies -
Fighting against 'barbaric atrocities' -
The US had given one warning.

In the event of the Lusitania case,
Washington had spelt out a promise -
That such persistent German deeds would
Be considered intended acts of hostility -
If Austrian or a German disguise - that
Warning stood as quoted by a paper -
USA patience was not limitless.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1915 American Patience - 'Not Inexhaustable'. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 15 November. P.10. Col.6. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/11994274/Daily-Telegraph-November-15-1915.html [Accessed: 15 November 2015].

Mann, J., 2015. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 15 November 2015). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1NewYork