Wednesday 26 April 2017

Poem ~ Canadian Soldiers: Fyall And Sivertz - Thursday, 26 April 1917 - Monday, 30 April 1917

 Source: File: Still from Vimy Ridge Canadian Operations April 9 1917. Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0twujK2ObA> [Accessed 21 April 2017]

Vimy Ridge = [Vimy Ridge : Canadian Operations April 9, 1917] (1917)

i
Men of A Company 9th Reserve, followed
Orders to withdraw
To supports - Among them Private A. Fyall.
The young Canadians
Watched offensive unfold to boldly stand
Atop, as the German line was
Swept from one end across to the other.

At some other point one fellow Canadian
Corporal Gus Sivertz was
In the process of synchronizing watches.
Far from his civilian days
As optometrist, the 22 year old looked
Forwards at shells effects;
Men flew as if imbued with super powers.

Like Private Fyall, Corporal Sivertz saw
Earthly elements thrown
Two hundred feet high in the air - blending
With a wall of fire - chalky
Earth and silhouettes of flying Fritzies.
In all directions - dugout
Timbers making some airborn mockery.

The sheer shrill, crackling, blasting air
Made men of 8th Brigade
2nd Canadian Mounted rifles cringe in
Unison, as a barrage came
Down - Corporal Sivertz curled his body
As an embryo - buttocks
Clenched hard in to avoid any bullet hits.

Instinct to cover the ears made little
Difference - it was as if
They were held inside a huge clanking
Machine - they did not
Dare to lift their heads, knowing how
An angled barrage
Would lie flat over them, at any moment.

After three slow minutes it lifted again,
Like a crane from hell -
The process was fascinating, with
Complete perfection
Like a ticking clock. Sivertz held back
Temptation to raise his
Finger to feel the solid ceiling of sound.

ii
A mad macabre dance filled what
Little thought Sivertz
Could entertain, when a sudden gap
Opened, a hundred yards
Ahead - the feeling of a queer empty
Stomach gone, along
With any fear and they were all away.

Dawn was ripped savagely apart  -
Almost immediately
Wire caught his feet and he splayed
Forwards, clumsily
To coincide with a shell, dumping its
Angled nose into mud
To burst - clumps of chalk exploded.

Barely a yard away, Sivertz's head
Was pushed down
Into shoulders as chalk clattered
On his helmet - I'm dead,
He thought - only to realise he lived,
With sore ears to find
That he was in isolation on battlefield.

Filth caked his front to give Sivertz
Appearance of a man
Of mud - then a sudden, weird gutting
Envelopment of loneliness.
He wanted to shout out, 'here I am!'
To feel human contact
From someone, anyone - he stumbled.

Fighting to keep his balance Sivertz
Took a step forward
Then another - he saw another man,
Lieutenant Christie
Whose toy shape tipped forward, flat,
Shot dead - alone again.
All Hun guns seemed to aim at him.

Others - instinct made him run to try
And catch up with them.
Stench of spent explosives fought
His senses - any kind
Of knowing gone as he reached
The German trenches.
From naked openness came relief.

iii
It was actually sleeting but the fall
Was being made heavy
From activity of shelling - Corporal
Sivertz dropped into
Cover, the counter barrage being
Lukewarm, compared
To the fierce allied bombardment.

Sivertz found very little to shoot
At - lifting from
Curved earth against a backlight
Of flames, 'Heinies'
Appeared - hands of surrender held
High - amid great din
A man beside him turned to speak.

Stranger’s lips were tight up against
His ear, so that he
Could almost feel the man's tongue.
With a smile he wanted
To say, 'it's going fine.' Any sentence
Was left incomplete without
A sound he pitched dead on his face.

Any distance was obscured, dimmed
By sleet to hide flanks.
Corporal Sivertz, by some instinct,
Detected trouble across
At Thelus trench, with 28th Battalion.
Their own trench
Objective situation loomed close.

The heavily defended Zwische
Stellung trench
Marked out the German second
Line - described
By an understated expression -
To prove 'warmer' -
The 8th brigade then swarmed.

Their sheer, determined numbers
Saw a sweeping action,
To gain scores of prisoners, to include
Regimental commander,
Who fumed - his Belgian relief funded
Breakfast had been
Halted by his being taken prisoner.

iV
Amusement rippled through caught
Hun privates, who
Observed how their commander's
Breakfast of bacon,
Eggs, cereal, toast, coffee, cream
And butter, was rapidly
Consumed by Canadian Al Swanby.

The taken Zwische Stellung trench
Became inverted into
Purpose for Canadian defences,
Until halted by a steel
Plated German pillbox, to harbour
A machine gun - on the
Right, Corporal Sivertz had idea.

The pillbox's slot gave a limited
Machine gun
Arc of firing - Corporal Sivertz
Set out to provide
The enemy gun crew, with a mill's
Bomb; with this
Intent he edged forward in cover.

With his finger on the pin Sivertz
Glanced up too
Soon, when a bullet cut him down.
He lay knocked
Out cold, unaware of the continued
Events - after some
Time Corporal Sivertz's eyes opened.

For how long he lay, he did not know
But rain had stopped 
And the pace of fight had moved
On - gunnery still
Hounded the old front line - getting
To his feet Sivertz
Stumbled his way back to the line.

Sivertz joined one line of wounded
Men, sat in a medical
Trench - likely weary from being
Knocked out and
The bullet wound - the absurdity
Of sitting there as
Though in a civvy Dr's waiting room.

V
Every so often a medical sergeant
Appeared to choose
Cases of any haemorrhages and led
Them into the dugout.
Though at the end of the line Sivertz
Was taken towards
The stairs, when sudden roar screamed.

A sound, like a freight train curving from
The sky; a  'bloody 5.9.'
They both ducked into cover, just in time
When they emerged
All that was left of the six wounded men
Were ripped body
Parts - the two of them were very lucky.

The medics all pale and exhausted,
Quickly looked to Sivertz.
They awarded Corporal Sivertz a ticket;
'On your way chum.'
Corporal Sivertz was then to head off
To Wimereux - when
That night Private Fyall had gone forth.

Canadian Fyall had been in action
Since 4 a.m. artillery
Like a immense single gun had been
Blasting over 18 mile
Front. with the lift, they pelted like wild
Cats after prey, who
Dropped all equipment to make escape.

Objectives of three lines were achieved
One after the other.
By ninety minutes Canadians gained third
Line, with multiple
Prisoners started to be captured - moral
Was boosted, despite
Grim conditions of slime blood and mud.

Private Fyall had luckily managed
To deflect a bullet,
Twice - then some chap bandaged
Him, while a tot
Of rum revived him; given a mission
By the Captain,
Fyall was to convey a report for HQ.

Vi
A great band of enemy ground had
Been gained,
Across which he made his way  
Over wrecked
Earth; his compass being a German
Barrage, which
Targeted the old allied front line.

A mile marked out the very distance
Taken - Fyall paused,
To come to a trench that had been hard
Fought over - there
Heaped mother's sons lay dead, eyes
Glazed - Finding
A Hun haversack Fyall openly cried.

The German soldier's wife had sent
Her love a small
Parcel of sugar and butter - but any
Brief sentiment
Suddenly passed as he kept the
Dead man's pipe
And cap - another Hun lay close by.

The large man made him a gesture
Requesting Fyall
To shoot him in the head; he refused.
British did not
Kill the wounded - instead Private Fyall
Carefully placed
A haversack under his head for comfort.

Fyall decided time was to move on
And leave that
Trench - out into the April landscape -
Countless, bitter
Carnage lay smouldering from shells
That had turned
A pockmarked earth into wasteland.

A pulverised French spring had been
Made turgid grey
And within movement of figures; shapes
Of humans that
Tried to pull up their broken selves limb
By limb - Fyall moved
Amid them - their hands reached out.

Vii
Canadians that called out to him
For stretcher bearers -
Other called out to him for water;
There were too many -
Fyall ran weaving among them, heading
Into the enemy
Barrage- he slipped through red craters.

Holes overflowed with bitter water,
Stained deep red
From blood - somehow Fyall dodged
Through the barrage
Curtain, desperate to find company
Headquarters
Unable to find any sign - all totally gone.

Fyall's mission neared completion,
On reaching brigade
HQ - he was shown down to General
Lomas who read
The Company captains report, to
Praise what could
Only be victory - was Fyall hungry?

Shown to the kitchen, Fyall was given
Soup and bread,
But he was sick - having constantly
Been at front over
Two days - before managing to pull
On his mask, he had
Gasped, to inhale a lungful of gas.

Directed to a dressing station Fyall
Watched German
Prisoners carry wounded Canadians.
From somewhere
A shell burst over his head - Fyall's
Felt himself slipping
And 'going' to wake with bleary view.

Some vague orderly told another,
This one was dead -
Fyall could not speak - fingers lifted
His eyelids. A Doctor
Spoke; 'the fellow is fine. Shell shocked
And gassed. take the blanket
Off his face…snow will bring him round.'

by Jamie Mann.

Source: File: A first hand account of Vimy Ridge by Craig Baird, High River Times. Available at: <http://www.highrivertimes.com/2012/04/10/a-first-hand-account-of-vimy-ridge> [Accessed xx April 2017]

Source: File: A Candian at Vimy. Page 2076 History Of The First World War Volum 5. Published by Purnell for BPC publishing Ltc London. [Accessed 21 April 2017]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 21 April 2017). 


#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Arras

Friday 21 April 2017

Poem ~ Arras: Targets Defined And Taken - Saturday, 21 April 1917 - Wednesday, 25 April 1917


Source: File: Patrol of Canadian Light Infantry moving toward Willerval. The Great Canadian Exploit: The Taking of Vimy Ridge. Available at: <https://www.illustratedfirstworldwar.com/item/the-great-canadian-exploit-the-taking-of-vimy-ridge-iln0-1917-0421-0004-001/#> [Accessed 21 April 2017]

i
1916 had been a costly stalemate
Across the western front, with many lives
Lost in what became known as the 'Somme.'
1917 still wore a darkened cloak, where
No progress had broken the allies' enemy.

Shadows of Somme, Gallipoli or Verdun
Gave no victory - while political situations
Saw seismic shifts - to see British politician
Herbert Asquith resign in favour of Lloyd
George, as Russia wavered in revolution.

Across an ocean, American declaration
Took first steps to join the war - the Nivelle
Offence divided French Defence Minister
And the Prime minister - yet allied plans
Drove a new need for a 1917 offensive.

Russian preoccupations of February 1917
Raised problems - while painful lessons
Were taken from previous years flawed
Battles plans - the allies drew a new line
From Neuville, Vitasse to Vimy Ridge.

An eleven-mile front formed. A Chantilly
Tactic conference met November 1916,
Making formation for a 1917 spring offensive.
Tighter training manuals devised revised
Methods with adapted, toned platoons.

Platoons made up sections of armed
Men - Lewis gunners, grenade throwers,
Grenade launchers and snipers all to advance
In patterns, with fresh platoons behind, able
To leap frog each other for the next objective.

Assaults would be carried out by variety
Of directions; tanks would again be used. As
Aircraft made renewed reconnaissance flights,
While tunnels were prepared - the Artillery
Again would creep with crawling barrages.

The German side had by the springtime
Undertaken an intended withdrawl, to form
A more solid Hiddenburg line - Operation
Alberich - to abandon redundant salients.
Allied morale boosted by apparent retreat.

Zero hour was planned for Easter Sunday -
8 April 1917 - allied artillery commenced
With Bombardment 20 March, across Vimy
Ridge - German trenches and barbed wire
Were broken, while casualties were low.

All sign of trenches had been crushed
Into fields of craters - then gas shells
Sent over final hours started to fill holes -
Only zero hour was moved by request
Of French by one day for 9 April 1917.

ii
Result; a window of fair weather gave
Way to heavy snowfall, as the finale
Of hurricane artillery faded - at 5.30 a.m.
Soldiers with wind at their backs, that
Hit the faces of Germans, advanced.

First light was dulled by poor weather,
But the Canadians were ready, being
Well prepared - their artillery would not
Be underestimated, as every 25 yards
Allied gunnery belted out their shells.

Then, every 3 minutes they lifted to aim
Higher - just 2 rounds every minute -
The enemy was battered with telephone
Wires cut, forcing runners to the open
Ground - under foot was hazardous.

Earth had been beaten, pulverised
Into pools of foulest mud - the 21
Battalions edged their way around
Obstacles. Overhead the aircraft
That had been delayed, 'chuttered.'

Sky diving in the heavy snowfall, pilots
Sounded klaxons to direct and assess
Progress - the sodden, cratered ground
Soon caused a redundant tank force -
All fighting was left to the foot troops.

Any progress came down to personal
Action carried out by groups of soldiers,
Along with determined individuals - some
Found little opposition - a dulled enemy
Stayed in dugouts or ran without boots.

Canadians found selves in hand-to-hand
Combat with pockets of desperate enemy
Picking them off. Lance Sergeant Sifton
Spotted one such machine gun crew; he
Leapt to bayonet all, cutting down the gun.

Germans appeared from the trench.
Sifton hit and stabbed each one until
Others joined him - but a wounded man
Shot Sifton down. Another machine gun
Aimed at 16th Battalion, stalling them.

Targets were traced out in lines. First
Black objective was reached by divisions
6.15 a.m. - 6.25 a.m. confirmation made
How Brigades had achieved the capture.
Yet the southern end was taking losses.

Private Milne saw danger ahead, to take
Action. He crawled forwards until within
A short distance, he threw a bomb; the crew
Cut down allowed Milne to take the gun,
Giving the Canadian Scottish safety.

iii
Their line was reformed when William
Milne spotted yet another gun in enemies
Support line - once more the brave Private
Edged forward and took the enemy gun
Out; only a short time after to be killed.

The red line marked halfway to ridge -
8 a.m. this was reached by 1st and 2nd
Divisions and 9.30 a.m. had seen reserves
At this point - next object was the blue line,
Taken by 1st Division at hour 11 a.m.

The village of Thelus where Private
Milne met his end, along with woods
Of Vimy village, were merged into area,
From blue into the brown line; planned
Targets of a methodical approach.

Final objective of the northern flank
Had been red line - the highest fortified
Ridge affectionately called the 'pimple' -
Made up from the Zwischen-Stellung
Trench, Folie farm and Les Tilleuls.

While flanks of the south made aim
For further gains; beyond the blue line
Of Thelus a brown line indicated Zwolfer
Graben - Germans second line - when
A break in the sky opened to sun.

From a storm cloud's eye gave way
To views of Canadian troops around
Thelu, dividing, as some were assigned
To hold their positions, while their equals
Continued to battle over the ridge.

By academic leapfrog tactics the plan
Was to maintain a momentum; capture
And consolidate, capture and consolidate.
The barrage briefly paused for reserves
To move through the gap and secure.

The pace was to prevent German
Soldiers evacuating any dugouts and
Defend their ground, above and below
Earth - each sector was given vital parts
To play - with foot troops dominating.

Brief relief of spring again shrank back
Under clouds, as sleet shivered over
Those on the ground - flurries of snow
Were carried about by a gusty westerly
Breeze, adding to soldiers difficulties.

In such conditions the allied plan
Carried on, as machine guns after
90 minutes set to cover the two divisions,
Making for the final objective - which
Canadians went headfirst towards.

iV
The northerly woods were then being
Covered by British, from a south east
Direction with rear artillery - although too
Far behind, were sheltered by advanced
Batteries, sending over waves of shells.

Added time was provided by artillery
Tactics - right to left shelling allowed 
Brigades to reach German wire; prisoners
Backs were given designation - green
Painted onto captured enemy backs.

Beyond barrage reach was prepared
For, by providing wire breakers on rifles -
While others used wire cutters to make
It through two bands of enemy wire -
Breaking out to a picturesque view.

The Douai plain stretched out below
Them - yet the troops were not yet safe.
They rushed forward, down opposite slope,
Towards the enemies batteries, whose
Crews abandoned guns, to be overrun.

With the certainty of the brown line
Captured by 2.40 p.m. General Byng
Considered utilizing the cavalry,- gaining
An opportunity to ride onto the Douai
Plain, to take rail and canal crossings.

Byng's telephoned request went
Against allied plans, as Vimy Ridge 
Was a limited target, which had called for
Strict timetable - so that any cavalry
Involvement had been cancelled.

Any reply to carry out plans for cavalry
Came too slow, so any quick advantage
Passed - only by late afternoon were any
Cavalry given, and Canadian Light horse
Arrived to provide first army advantage.

Willerval lay some 5 miles distant, north
Of Arras - orders had arrived by 2 p.m.
For a Canadian section to push towards
The commune by 4.20 p.m. - two patrols
On horses headed a mile to Willerval.

First patrol easily gained 10 prisoners
But success was shortlived  - enemy
Machine gun like a disturbed beehive,
Turned on them, to wipe out half
The patrol, along with their horses.

Rifle fire picked over the second
Patrol, with men and horses lamed.
The rest returned, but with effect that
The Germans believed British Cavalry
Had broken through into Willerval.

Reports were shortly distributed
By the ridge observers, that three
Waves of Germans headed towards
Farbus - yet enemy retaliation failed,
The brown line was taken on time.

by Jamie Mann.

Source: File: Battle of Arras (1917). Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917> [Accessed 21 April 2017]

Source: File: Battle of Vimy Ridge. Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge> [Accessed 21 April 2017]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 21 April 2017). 


#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Arras

Tuesday 18 April 2017

Poem ~ Villages Devastated - Friday, 20 April 1917

Source: File: The destruction of the church in Moÿ-de-l'Aisne, February 1917. Available at: <http://02610.moy.free.fr/Moydelaisne/02610.moy/Infos/Municipalite/Moyquand/N23/Lanciers.html
[Accessed 18 April 2017]

With the western front in France,
Reaching its 35th week in 3rd
Year of war, devastation of lives
Of the population had no conclusion.

Between the invasion of Germany
Taking over ground of Aisne
And reunification of that area,
Came reports of great annihilation.

Making a visitation of the retaken
Region, Chairman of the Aisne
Refugee Committee D.Camp,
Learned of systematic destruction.

Eleven French towns and villages
Were wiped off the map -
The occupiers had used
Variations of means in process.

Battering rams had been built
To destroy ancient town
Walls; dynamite, petrol tar
All employed to take down houses.

Exteriors of churches still stood
But all contents taken,
Graveyards lay broken -
Opened vaults emptied to bury own.

Some 25 miles from Laon town,
Lay Ugny le Gay - little
More than a hamlet
Of 234 people, lay in persecution.

Germans made tax of exactions.
First demanded monies
February 1915; £140.00 -
The same demand again in August.

September 1915 saw how the Mayor
Of Ugny le Gay and others
Were imprisoned, until
Payment of £500.00 were handed over.

October 1915, £200 fee equivalent
In francs was demanded -
12 months later, October
1916, another extortion sum of £1500.

When finally the Germans were forced
From the area, the people
Found their possessions
Had been seized, pillaged and abused.

Young girls of the village were taken
Away - villagers disinterred as
Germans set homes on fire
Destroying machinery and fruit trees.

Any French people who returned to their
Villages, would have struggled
To see where their homes had
Once stood; to see crushed stone piles.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1917. Devastated France. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 9 April March 1917. P.6. Col.5. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214440/Daily-Telegraph-April-9-1917.html> [Accessed: 20 April 2017].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 20 April 2017). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1France

Saturday 15 April 2017

Poem ~ Walsall Air Tragedy - Tuesday, 17 April 1917 - Thursday, 19 April 1917

Source: File: 2nd Lt Thomas Mann. Wyrleyblog, Local History for Great Wyrley and Surrounding Areas. 'Run': The Ryecroft Plane Crash, 1917. Available at: <https://wyrleyblog.wordpress.com/walsall/tales-from-the-walsall-coroner/run-the-ryecroft-plane-crash-1917/> [Accessed 15 April 2017]

In the county of Shropshire,
2nd Lieutenant Thomas Mann
Stationed at Ternhill airfield,
Finished a hearty breakfast.
The morning fine, as into air
Mann climbed and headed
Into the flight for Solihull.

Time 10.15 a.m.; his precise
Destination was to be west
Midlands, Castle Bromwich.
Likely as all pilots enjoyed,
Mann settled into the ride
Above English countryside -
A world away from the war.

Mann, a member of the 43rd
Royal Flying Corps Squadron,
Lifted Avro 504 to 4000 feet
For some time, until thick
Mist of clouds enforced him
To lower altitude - steering
To 500 feet above a town.

Daughter and mother sat
In their home of Brewer
Street Cottages, Ryecroft -
In the Walsall area - they
Chatted over tea to amuse
The granddaughter Edna.
Frances Ann North smiled.

Known as Fanny aged 60,
Was proud of her daughter
Louisa, whose only child
Edna was ten months old -
The girl's father Arthur Vass
Was away fighting in war.
Over Walsall the day began.

People about on business
heard the sounds of aircraft
From the skies. This was
Common enough, but not
So much as to not attract
Attention from the people on
The ground, who looked up.

Residents of Mill Street
Like Kate Beebee at 115,
And the Royal exchange
Licensee stepped outside.
Morning progressed onto
11 a.m. with the sound
Of a biplane over head.

Less that a mile away at No.
5 Brewer Street Cottages,
Louisa Vass and her mother
Frances also heard sounds
Of the aeroplane - not usual
To hear them passing, but
This one remained stationery.

Leaving Edna playing, the
Two women went outside
There was indeed a plane.
From the garden they saw
The craft circling, for some
Five minutes - Louisa went
Inside to check on her baby.

It was still a novelty to see
Aircraft. In her youth Frances
Had never conceived how
Wood and engine might carry
A man into the sky - Louisa
Reappeared holding Edna
And pointed up to the sky.

'Look Edna, that is a plane.
Can you see?' Back on Mill
Street others also watched -
Licensee Thomas Deakin
Began to think the pilot
Was in some kind of trouble;
The engine made a stutter.

Kate Beebee had paused 
Watching sky, believing
How the pilot was looking
To land - she traced out
His circling, which was
Coming closer - pilot Mann,
In the avro, was worrying.

The engine had lost power -
Mann had tried to see open
Country, but he was above
Walsall town - the avro, then
At 100 feet, fell like a stone
And he could not avoid the
Descent to lose all control.

Kate Beebee gasped with
Disbelief, hand on mouth,
As the biplane came towards
Her - she saw the pilot in the
Seat. He just skimmed the top
Of her house - in seconds
Mann waved frantically.

Shouting 'get out of the way!'
On the ground at Brewer
Street someone shouted, 'run!'
The two women and baby
Watching had no time - Lousia
Could not even scream as
Nose of the plane jabbed her.

With Edna thrown from her
Arms, Louisa fell instantly.
The craft was lodged at the
Gardens edge in a smoking,
Broken heap - Louisa came
Out of the stunned moment
And stood - Edna lay away
From the plane on the path.

Standing, holding her injured
Left arm, Louisa looked from
The slumped pilot to where
Her mother lay, under the belly
Of the machine - the scream
From Louisa's calls for help
Were quickly answered.

Walsall and District Hospital
Tuesday 10 April, called an
Inquest over these events -
The statement of Louisa
Vass told how, after being
Thrown down, she stood
And screamed out for help.

Her mother and daughter
Were both killed outright -
A crowd gathered, mainly
Railway workers - amid
Them Kate Beebee along
With Thoma Deaken had
Followed the craft's descent.

The coroner Mr Addison
Heard how Deakin helped
Remove Mann from the
Tangled Avro wreckage -
with only a few superficial
Injuries - although guilt
Of that day would stay.

Captain White was present
To provide military evidence.
The outcome of the inquest
Advised the deaths resulted
By a tragic accident. The pilot,
2nd Lieutenant Thomas Mann
Exonerated from any blame.


With the Royal Garrison Artillery,
Arthur Vass Stationed in France,  
received a telegram to tell him
Of his daughter Edna's death,
Hit by a military aircraft while
Home. A concerned community
Supported his wife, Louisa Vass,
To pay cost of funerals; £11.10/-.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1917. Strange Aviation Accident. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 9 April 1917. P.5. Col.4. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214440/Daily-Telegraph-April-9-1917.html> [Accessed: 17 April 2017].

Source: File: Wyrleyblog, Local History for Great Wyrley and Surrounding Areas. 'Run': The Ryecroft Plane Crash, 1917. Available at: <https://wyrleyblog.wordpress.com/walsall/tales-from-the-walsall-coroner/run-the-ryecroft-plane-crash-1917/> [Accessed 17 April 2017]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 17 April 2017). 




#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Walsall