Poema ~ Rossiyskiye revolyutsionery - pyatnitsa, 16 marta 1917 - pyatnitsa, 23 marta 1917

Istochnik: Fayl: Rabochiye i soldaty pered Dumoy. Rossiya 1917. Sm. Iskhodnoye izobrazheniye na stranitse <https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/44203/February+1917+++when+workers+remade+history> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017]

Istochnik: Fayl: Nikolay II, v Tsarskom Sele posle yego otrecheniya v marte 1917 goda. Smotrite original'noye izobrazheniye po adresu: <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Nikolaus_II._%28Russland%29. JPG> PD-US [Dostupno 16 marta 2017]

i

Voprosy vnutrirossiyskikh situatsiy

Nekotoroye vremya razmyshlyal -

Ubiystvo Rasputina malo pomoglo

Uspokoit' tsarskoye nedoveriye.

Romanovy byli yedinstvennymi

Vtoraya dinastiya pravit Rossiyey -

Tsarstvo dlilos' 300Gody; yeshche

Dvadtsatyy vek razvodyat

Obidy sredi samykh bednykh lyudey.

Podklass russkogo krest'yanstva byl

Zapert v proshlom, chtoby ispol'zovat'

Metody sel'skogo khozyaystva, lishennyye

Lyubaya sovremennost' - delayet mnogikh bednymi.

Lyudi ne zabyli 1905 goda, data

V voskresen'ye 22 yanvarya, kogda

Nevooruzhennyye protestuyushchiye podoshli

Zimniy dvorets vo glave s o. Georgiyem

Gapon, chtoby podat' petitsiyu.

Bez prikaza tsarya Imperskiy

Gvardeyets vystrelil v tolpu, chtoby ubit'

Protestuyushchiye; Krovavyy voskresnyy effekt

Podnyali mysli o revolyutsii.

S bystrymi otraslyami promyshlennosti v novoye

Stoletiye ostalos' nespravedlivo; nizkaya zarabotnaya

Plata v techeniye dolgikh chasov,

Nezdorovaya perenaselennost' v gorodakh -

K bednosti prishla politicheskaya osvedomlennost'.

V popytke uspokoit' vosstaniye 1905 goda,

Tsar' Nikolay nachal reformu

S izbrannym parlamentom Gosudarstvennoy Dumy,

Prichem Tsar' razdelil by vsyu svoyu vlast'.

Duma, vzyataya ot slova «dumat'» -

Konsul'tativnyy komitet byl pervym izbrannym

V rezul'tate izbiratel'nogo prava muzhchin provesti

Provintsial'nyye chleny s trebovaniyami.

Reformy v oblasti prav na zemlyu v torgovle

Soyuzy i politicheskiye zaklyuchennyye budut

Vypushcheno - vse otvergnuto tsarem - togda

Yeshche odna Duma 1907 goda

Reformatory; Tsar' Nikolay zakonchil eto.

ii

Izmeneniya obrabotali utochnennyye idealy

Dlya vysshikh predstaviteley znati -

Tret'ya Duma dlilas' na polnyy srok

Pyat' let - chetvertaya Duma bezhala

Analogichnym obrazom provodit' politiku.

S toy zhe Dumoy, chto i voyna

Brok, golosovaniye za podderzhku Tsarya bylo

Osparivayemaya bol'shevistskim prisutstviyem,

Byt' arestovannym i otpravlennym v Sibir'.

Mikhail Rodzyanko, lider tret'yego

Duma, podderzhivaya tsarya,

Kritikuyet yego pravilo i prisutstviye

Prepodobnogo Rasputina - predlagaya

Chto on na samom dele nemetskiy shpion.

Preduprezhdeniye ot Rodzyanko

Tsar', chtoby otkryt' glaza na Rasputina,

Kto imel plokhoye vliyaniye na svoyu dinastiyu,

Chtoby podorvat' doveriye k vlasti.

Odnako u monakha ne bylo zhelaniya voyny,

Chtoby predupredit' Nikolasa, prisoyedinilis' li oni

Konflikt institutov monarkha

Byl by v opasnosti - Rasputin takzhe

Predvidel sobstvennoye ubiystvo.

Yesli dvoryane zabrali zhizn' Rasputina

Upal by na gosudarstvo v chume;

Deti tsarya umerli v techeniye dvukh let -

S tsarem, ubitym narodom.

K kontsu 1916 goda Rasputin byl mertv,

Ubito bandoy blagorodstva. V to vremya kak

Vidimyye kak sumasshedshiye, prorochestva

Rasputina stal vernym, kogda voyna poshla

Rossiya, ekonomika kotoroy kolebalas'.

S trebovaniyami muzhchin srazhat'sya poperek

Front, sel'skoye khozyaystvo i promyshlennost' Rossii

Poterpel - vmesto togo, chtoby snabzhat' goroda

S yedoy transport perevozil armii.

Rezul'tat privel k massovomu golodu.

Rukovodit' armiyey v kachestve komandira

Glavnokomanduyushchiy tsar' Nikolay postroil udilishche

Dlya yego spiny - lyubaya neudacha budet otdykhat'

Na tsarya - yego otsutstviye dobavilo effektov.

iii

Samoderzhavnomu gosudarstvu nuzhen byl tsar'

Prinimat' pravitel'stvennyye resheniya - poka

Tsaritsynu, nemetskuyu printsessu, ostavili

V vedenii, s Rasputinym v kachestve sovetnika.

Narodnyye razocharovaniya vyzvali

Obrashcheniye k politicheskim gruppam, takim kak

Bol'sheviki - nebol'shaya organizatsiya

U ch'ikh izgnannykh liderov ne bylo vlasti.

Iz mraka novogo goda voprosy

Prinyali -1917 dni, kotoryye podkhodili

Yulianskiy kalendar', chey izryadnyy

Daty otlichalis' ot grigorianskogo.

V to vremya kak v drugikh stranakh,

Rossiya byla yeshche v fevrale, kogda

Trudnosti bystro voznikli; Nekhvatka

Nakonets, prodovol'stviye, vedushcheye k rostu tsen

Predlozhennyye deystviya zabastovshchikov.

Petrograd; Sobralas' bol'shaya tolpa

11 fevralya, chtoby proytis' po ulitsam.

Lyudi vykrikivali frustratsii

I nachal razbivat' vitriny magazinov.

Duma obvinila pravitel'stvo

Iz-za bezdeystviya - zdes' i tam na fone

Prisutstviye lyudey mozhno bylo uvidet'

Ofitsery armii v ravenstve protestov;

Na ulitsakh stali patrulirovat' kazaki.

Nakanune 10 fevralya Rodzyanko,

V Tsarskom Sele vstretil tsarya,

Preduprezhdeniye o povyshenii napryazhennosti -

Vykachivat' eto nuzhno podderzhat'.

Tsar' Nikolay otverg etu ideyu -

Poskol'ku kazhdyy den' razvorachivalis' zabastovshchiki

K ikh protestam, pooshchryayemym

Bol'sheviki - tem vremenem men'sheviki

Podskazhite al'ternativnyy udar.

Veru v revolyutsiyu burzhuaznymi

Sposoby reformirovaniya po shagam, a ne otkrytyye

Vosstaniye, al'ternativnyy put' k tomu zhe

Rezul'taty stali podderzhivat' Dumu.

IV

K 14 fevralya 58 predpriyatiy s

90 000 rabochikh vyshli na zabastovku -

Tem ne meneye, nadeyalis' proytis' po Tavride

Dvorets ne razocharoval men'shevikov,

Podderzhat' rezidentsiyu Imperskoy Dumy.

Mezhdu tem prizyv k sverzheniyu tsarya

Vzvolnovannyy, vyzvannyy bol'shevikami -

S Petrogradom kak tsentrom problem

Nikolay napravilsya v Mogilev Belarus'.

Tsar' prodolzhal deystvovat' kak glavnokomanduyushchiy

V general'nom shtabe i Stavke. 18 fevralya

Takzhe stali svidetelyami intsidentov,

Provedennyy na Putilovskom zavode v Petrograde,

Gde rabochiye trebovali zarabotnuyu platu.

Boleye vysokiye zatraty na zhizn' nuzhdalis' v boleye

Vysokom zarabotnaya plata - rabotniki staleliteynogo

Zavoda, kogda vladel'tsy otkazalis' udovletvorit'

Trebovaniya, oni okazalis' bez raboty.

22 fevralya - data, kogda tsar' posetil

Voyska, 20 000 rabochikh vyzvali zabastovka, k

Kotoroy dolzhny prisoyedinit'sya drugiye; 100 000

Rabochiye s drugikh zavodov - kazhdyy

Den', vedushchiy k etoy date, obostrilsya.

23 fevralya 1917 goda - 8 marta

V yevropeyskom grigorianskom kalendare -

Otmechennyy mezhdunarodnyy zhenskiy den',

Sobytiye, kotoroye proizoshlo s 1909 goda.

Prazdnovaniye zhenskikh dvizheniy

Prava, nachatyye amerikanskim sotsialistom

Storona - data upala v volnenii Po rossii -

Utro v Petrograde videli, chto russkiye

Zhenshchiny nachinayut marshirovat'.

Na ikh znamenakh byli napisany «Khleb i mir»,

Protsessiya zhenshchin s golovnymi usami.

S surovymi litsami vse derzhali ser'yeznost'

Ob"yedinennyye petrogradskiye tekstil'shchiki.

Prodovol'stvennyye tovary nakhodilis' pod kontrolem

Bezzhalostnykh kulakov - sel'skaya zemlya

Lordy v techeniye mnogikh let oblagalis' nalogami i

Poshlinami upravlyayemyye rabochiye krest'yane

Lyudi - s voynoy kulaki kupili zemli.

V

Poka russkiye lyudi shli na voynu -

Kulaki kupili svoi zemli

Uvideli znacheniye rosta tsen na zerno

V tri raza vyshe, chem zarabotnaya plata.

Iskra popala v komochek, chtoby uvidet'

Zhenshchiny vykhodyat iz zavodov, chtoby podnyat'

Protesty - k nim stali prisoyedinyat'sya lyudi -

Petrograd stal massovym mitingom,

Den', kotoryy yeshche predstoit nazvat' revolyutsiyey.

«Khleb i mir», «Konets defitsita», «Konets»

Voyna "," Konets tsarizma "- Tsar' Nikolay

Ne ostalos' v storone ot etikh progressivnykh

Sobytiya v otsutstvii iz stolitsy.

Odnodnevnyye besporyadki prevratilis' v

Lyudi sobiralis' v postoyannykh zabastovkakh -

Kogda tsar' Nikolay vozvrashchal situatsii

Byli slishkom ochevidny; Demonstratsii

I zabastovshchiki, kazalos', pravili gorodom.

V samorealizatsii, kak Tsar', chtoby byt' tsentrom

Iz volneniya Nikolay skrylsya -

24, 25, 26, 27 fevralya uvidel tornado

Radost'; Rossiya padala na koleni.

Milliony muzhchin iz russkikh zemel'

V armiyu raskhody na produkty pitaniya

Transport postradal - kholod zima podogrela

Nachalo besporyadkov - lyudi zayavlennyy,

Chtoby razbit' magaziny, chtoby vzyat' khleb.

Unifitsirovannoye peniye na ulitsakh

Nnazyvayetsya Tsar' i ministr Protopopov, a

Krasnyye znamena nachali podnimat'sya -

Ministr vnutrennikh del srochno peredal slovo tsaryu.

V nedorazumenii Nikolay veril, chto narod rastet

Ostayutsya kontroliruyemymi; Zakazy byli dany

Prinimaya tverdyye mery dlya podavleniya

Besporyadkov, v to vremya kak

Otstavka pravitel'stva dolzhna byla byt'

Schitayetsya - k 27-mu Duma raspushchena.

Protopopov byl naznachen korotkim diktatorom -

On proignoriroval preduprezhdeniya plokho

Podgotovlennykh imperskaya gvardiya,

Kotoraya zatem vzbuntovalas', chtoby prisoyedinit'sya

Lyudi - ves' kontrol' stal neustoychivym.

Vi

Na kryshakh politseyskikh pritselilis' i vystrelili

V tolpy, chtoby yeshche bol'she razveselit'

Reaktsii - mnogiye voyska nachali storonu

S lyud'mi - situatsiya poshla

Slishkom daleko, tsarya poprosili podat' v otstavku.

General Sergey Khabalov, na svidanii

27 fevralya byli predprinyaty loyal'nyye popytki

Prikazy tsarya vstupili v silu; Otlichnyye bannery

Vyvodil prikazy, chtoby ochistit' ulitsy.

Yeshche bol'she lyudey sobralos', chtoby rezul'tat

S ognem v tolpy - nekotoryye

200 chelovek pogibli - dlya razgona

Iz tolpy imperskikh Volinskikh

Vystrel v vozdukhe, kogda Pavlovskiy vzbuntovalsya.

Vmesto etogo spasateli vystrelili v ofitsera.

Polki Preobrazhenskoy gvardii, ismailovskiy i

Semenovskiy volynskiye okhranniki

Otkazyvayutsya ot vsekh obyazannostey.

V magazinakh «Arsenal»

Zdaniya pravitel'stva, politsii,

Sozhzheny sudy i voyennyye

Vniz - krepost' okazalas' pod kontrolem

Iz lyudey, kak armiya prisoyedinilas' k nim.

Vremennoye pravitel'stvo sformirovalos'

Iz ostatkov Dumy na fone besporyadkov

I otsutstviye vernykh voysk; Obnovlennyy

Trebovaniye prishlo k otrecheniyu tsarya.

Chtoby izbezhat' vozmozhnoy grazhdanskoy voyny i otkryt'

Put' k nemetskomu vtorzheniyu, Tsar' Nikolay

Otrekshiysya - prodolzhit' liniyu Romanovykh

Syn Aleksey - yeshche vrachi posovetovali mal'chiku

Ne khotel zhit' so svoyey sem'yey v izgnanii.

Poetomu Nikolay obratil manifest k gosudarstvu

Kak yego brat, velikiy knyaz' Mikhail,

Byt' Tsarem - no on otkazalsya;

Yesli lyudi ne progolosovali za monarkha.

Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya zakonchilas' 2 marta,

Chtoby ostavit' Rossiyu v nestabil'noy situatsii -

Nikolay bez NPZ, sidel na raspilennom troll'nyy pen' -

3 neukrotimykh strazha Smotret'. Odetyy v uniformu,

Odetyy v odnu medal', Tsar', ne podvergshiysya

Napadeniyu, stolknulsya s fotografom.

ot Jamie Mann.

Istochnik: Fayl: Novyy istorik. Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya - Istoriya izmenilas' meneye chem za dve nedeli. Dostupno po adresu: <http://www.newhistorian.com/6000-2/6000/> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Spartak Obrazovaniye: Duma. Dostupno po adresu: <http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSduma.htm> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Spartak Obrazovaniye: Mikhail Rodzyanko. Dostupno po adresu: <http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSrodzianko.htm> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Vliyaniye Pervoy mirovoy voyny na Rossiyu. Dostupno po adresu: <http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/gcse/russia/3_impactoffirstworldwaronrussia.htm#.WOPMy7GZMo8> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Khronologiya russkoy revolyutsii (1917). Dostupno po adresu: <https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/events/timeline/1917.htm> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Putilovskiy udar 1917 goda. Dostupno po adresu: <https://www.revolvy.com/topic/The%20Putilov%20Strike%20of%201917&uid=1575> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Mezhdunarodnyy zhenskiy den'. Dostupno po adresu: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day#cite_note-mmf1-8> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: 8 marta - Mezhdunarodnyy zhenskiy den': v poiskakh poteryannoy pamyati. Dostupno po adresu: <https://web.archive.org/web/20110313064904/http://www.mmf2010.info/our-action/le-8-mars-2013-journee-internationale-des-femmes-a- La-recherche-de-la-memoire-perdue> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Http://worldwaroneblogger.blogspot.co.uk/

# WW1 # WW1centenary #GreatWar # WW1poem #GreatWar # WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered # WW1Russia

Poem ~ Russia's Revolutionaries - Friday, 16 March 1917 - Friday, 23 March 1917

Source: File: Workers and soldiers in front of the Duma. Russia 1917. See an original image at: <https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/44203/February+1917+++when+workers+remade+history> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: Nicholas II,  at Tsarskoye Selo after his abdication in March 1917. See an original image at: <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Nikolaus_II._%28Russland%29.jpg> PD-US [Accessed 16 March 2017]

i

Matters of internal Russia situations

Had been brooding for some time -

The assassination of Rasputin did little

To calm the matters of Tsarist distrust.

The Romanovs had been the only

Second dynasty to rule Russia -

The Tsardom having lasted for 300

Years; yet the twentieth century bred

Resentment amid poorest people.

An underclass of Russian peasantry

Had been locked in the past, to still

Use methods agriculture devoid of

Any modernity - making many poor.

The people had not forgotten 1905,

The date Sunday 22 January, when

Unarmed protestors approached

Winter palace led by Father Georgy

Gapon, in order to hand in a petition.

Without the Tsar's orders, Imperial

Guard had fired into the crowds to kill

Protestors; Bloody Sunday effect had

Whipped up thoughts of revolution.

With rapid industries into the new

Century, conditions still remained

Unfair; low wages for long hours,

Unhealthy overcrowding in cities -

By poverty came political awareness.

In attempt to placate the 1905 revolt,

Tsar Nicholas acted to create reform

With an elected parliament State Duma,

Whereby Tsar would share all his power.

Duma, taken from the word to 'think' -

The advisory was the first elected

As result of male suffrage, to hold

Provincial members with demands.

Reforms over land rights in trade

Unions and political prisoners to be

Released - all rejected by Tsar - then

Another Duma of 1907 also held

Reformers; Tsar Nicholas ended this.

ii

Changes processed refined ideals

For nobility's higher representatives -

The third Duma lasted for full term

Of five years - the fourth Duma ran

In a similar way to carry on policies.

With same Duma in place as war

Broke, a vote to support Tsar was

Contested by Bolshevik presence,

To be arrested and sent to Siberia.

Mikhail Rodzianko, leader of third

Duma, though supporting the Tsar,

Criticized his rule and the presence

Of Monk Rasputin - in suggesting

That he was in fact a German spy.

A warning by Rodzianko advised

Tsar to open his eyes to Rasputin,

Who had evil effect on his dynasty,

To undermine confidence of power.

Yet the monk had no wish for war,

To warn Nicholas if they did join

Conflict the monarch's institutions

Would be at risk - Rasputin also

Envisioned his own assassination.

If nobles took Rasputin's life descent

Would fall over the state in plague;

Tsar's children dead within two years -

With the Tsar killed by the people.

By close of 1916 Rasputin was dead,

Murdered by gang of nobility. While

Seen as mad, Rasputin’s prophecies

Became true as war took a toll over

Russia, whose economy made falter.

With demands of men to fight across

Front, agriculture and Russia’s industries

Suffered - Instead of supplying the cities

With food, transport carried armies.

A result led to widespread starvation.

Leading the army as commander

In chief, Tsar Nicholas built a rod

For his back - any failure would rest

On Tsar - his absence added to effects.

iii

The autocratic state needed the Tsar

To make government decisions - while

Tsarina, a German Princess, was left

In charge, with Rasputin as advisor.

The people’s frustrations prompted

A turn to political groups, such as

The Bolsheviks - a small organisation

Whose exiled leaders had no power.

From the gloom of a new year matters

Took hold -1917 the days that fell within

Julian calendar, whose out of kilter

Dates differed to the west’s Gregorian.

Whilst March in other countries,

Russia was still in February when

Difficulties quickly emerged; shortage

Of food leading to price rises finally

Prompted actions by strikers.

Petrograd; a great crowd gathered

11 February to march along streets.

The people shouted frustrations out

And started to smash shop windows.

The Duma blamed the government

Over inactions - here and there amid

Presence of people could be seen

Army officers in equality of protests;

Cossacks started to patrol the streets.

The day before 10 February Rodzianko,

Had in Tsarskoye Selo met the Tsar,

Warning of rising tensions - to deflate

This, the Duma should be bolstered.

Tsar Nicholas dismissed the idea -

As each day unfolded strikers held

To their protests, encouraged by the

Bolsheviks - meanwhile Mensheviks

Prompted an alternative strike.

Believing in revolution by bourgeois

Means to reform in steps, not open

Revolt, an alternative path to same

Results began to support the Duma.

iV

By 14 February 58 factories with

90,000 workers walked out on strike -

Yet the hoped for walk on the Taurida

Palace failed to disappoint Mensheviks,

To support the seat of Imperial Duma.

Meanwhile a call to overthrow Tsar

Stirred, prompted by the Bolsheviks -

With Petrograd as centre of issues

Nicholas headed for Mogilev Belarus.

Tsar carried on as commander in chief

At general headquarters and Stavka.

18 February also witnessed incidents,

Carried out at Petrograd’s Putilov Mill,

Where the workers demanded wages.

Higher costs of living needed higher

Wages - the steel mill workers, when

The owners refused to meet demands,

Found themselves locked out of work.

22 February, a date when Tsar visited

Troops, the 20,000 workers called

A strike to be joined by others; 100,000

Workers from other factories - each

Day leading to this date escalated.

23 February 1917 - being 8 March

In European Gregorian Calendar -

Marked international Women's day,

An event that took place since 1909.

Commemorating moves for women’s

Rights, begun by American Socialist

Party - the date had fallen in unrest

Across Russia - morning in Petrograd

Saw Russian women begin to march.

Their banners read 'Bread and Peace,'

A procession of head-scarved women.

With dour faces all held seriousness

Of united Petrograd textile workers.

Food supplies were under control

Of ruthless Kulaks - the rural land

Lords for years had by tax and tolls

Controlled working peasants people -

With war the kulaks bought lands.

V

While Russian men went to war -

The kulaks bought their land - effects

Saw the value of grain prices rise

Three times higher than wages.

A spark had hit the tinderbox, to see

Women walk out of factories to raise

Protests - men began to join them -

Petrograd became a massed rally,

A day yet to be known as revolution.

'Bread and Peace' 'End Shortages,' 'End

War,' 'End Czarism' - Tsar Nicolas had

Been left unaware of these progressive

Events in absence from the capital city.

One day’s unrest turned into more, as

People gathered in continued strikes -

When Tsar Nicholas returned situations

Were all too apparent; demonstrations

And strikers seemed to rule the city.

In self-realisation, as Tsar to be centre

Of unrest, Nicholas went into hiding -

24, 25, 26, 27 February saw tornado

Of fervor; Russia was falling on knees.

Millions of men from Russian lands had

Joined the army, food costs spiraled as

Transportation suffered - a bitter cold

Winter fuelled the start of riots - people

Stated to smash shops to take bread.

Unified chanting on streets called down

The Tsar and minister Protopopov, while

Red banners started to be raised - the

Interior minister sent urgent word to Tsar.

Misled, Nicholas believed people's rising

Remained controlled; orders were given

Taking firm steps to quell unrest, while

Resignation of government were to be

Considered - by 27th the Duma dissolved.

Protopopov was held as brief dictator -

He had ignored warnings of an ill-trained

Imperial guard, who then mutinied to join

The people - all control became unstable.

Vi

From rooftops police aimed and shot

Into the crowds, to further stir angry

Reactions - many troops began to side

With the people - a situation had gone

Too far, the Tsar was asked to resign.

General Sergei Khabalov, on date

27 February took loyal attempts to put

Tsar’s orders into effect; great banners

Displayed orders to clear the streets.

Yet more people gathered, to result

With firing into the crowds - some

200 people fell dead - to disperse rest

Of the crowds the imperial Volinsky

Shot in the air, as Pavlovsky rebelled.

The lifeguards shot the officer instead.

Regiments of Preobrazhensky guards,

Ismailovsky and Semenovsky, joined

Volinsky guards to abandon all duty.

Arsenal stores were raided while

Buildings of government, police,

Courts and military were burned

Down - a fortress came under control

Of the people as army joined them.

A provisional government formed

From remnants of Duma amid disorder

And lack of loyal troops; a renewed
Demand came for the Tsar's abdication.

To avoid possible civil war and open

Way for German invasion, Tsar Nicholas

Abdicated - to carry on Romanov line his

Son Alexei - yet Doctors advised the boy

Would not live with his family in exile.

So Nicholas drew a manifesto to state

How his brother, grand Duke Michael,

Was to become Tsar - yet he refused;

Unless the people voted for monarch.

The February Revolution ended 2 March, 
To leave Russia in precarious situation -

Nicholas without refinery, sat on a sawn 
Tree stump throne - 3 unsmiling guards
Watch. Uniformed, wearing a single medal, 
An unthroned Tsar faced a photographer.

by Jamie Mann.

Source: File: New Historian. February Revolution – History Changed in Less than a Fortnight. Available at: <http://www.newhistorian.com/6000-2/6000/> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: Spartacus Educational: The Duma. Available at: <http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSduma.htm> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: Spartacus Educational: Mikhail Rodzianko. Available at: <http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSrodzianko.htm> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: The impact of the First World War on Russia. Available at: <http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/gcse/russia/3_impactoffirstworldwaronrussia.htm#.WOPMy7GZMo8> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: Timeline of the Russian Revolution (1917). Available at: <https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/events/timeline/1917.htm> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: The Putilov Strike of 1917. Available at: <https://www.revolvy.com/topic/The%20Putilov%20Strike%20of%201917&uid=1575> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: International Women's Day. Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day#cite_note-mmf1-8> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

Source: File: 8th of March - International woman’s day: in search of the lost memory. Available at: <https://web.archive.org/web/20110313064904/http://www.mmf2010.info/our-action/le-8-mars-2013-journee-internationale-des-femmes-a-la-recherche-de-la-memoire-perdue> [Accessed 16 March 2017]

http://worldwaroneblogger.blogspot.co.uk/

#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Russia