Showing posts with label Uniforms. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Uniforms. Show all posts

Sunday, 29 January 2017

Poem ~ The Front Under Frost - Monday, 29 January 1917 - Wednesday, 31 January 1917

Source: File: Working party, with stove pipes, passing a big gun. See an original image at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214158/Daily-Telegraph-January-29-1917.html> [Accessed 29 January 2017]

While winter's of war might wither
The sturdiest soldier, the wild bite
Of January 1917, was able to drop
The thermometer to new bitterness.

P. Gibbs was able to recall the fall
Of temperature from '14, '15 and '16
Across Flanders and France lines,
Where cold had ebbed into soldiers.

Though with '17 an icy frost took
A bite deeper - daylight provided
No warmth as night was a locker
In a butcher's store, to freeze all.

Stillness covered all with ice, that
Had turned all into a steely cover;
Sloshing mud of quagmires, whose
Depths men had floundered over.

Yet an unsaid strange beauty lay
Across a transformed landscape.
Snow capped trenches glinted
With fine crystalised snowdrifts.

The sweeping landscape of shell
Craters as a frozen sea, peeked
With ice caps, while polished duck
Walks transformed into ice rinks.

Men, cold with duty, found selves
Stumbling against other shoulders,
Or tumbling in layers of snowfall
To leave their crystallised imprints.

'Ice bound ditches' - fields where
Reels of barbed wire softly glinted
Silver, in cold light - they provided
A decorative, deceiving danger.

Any stillness was turned upside
Down by the bitterest winds, that
Lifted settled snows into drifts all
To prove 'British warms' ineffective.

Despite their promise to protect
The core, cold wind cuts through
Clothing - to dance about all noses
And every soldier's exposed ears.

The bitterest winds offered little
Escape, even in the dugouts - the
Trenches, where men huddled 
About oil stoves, channeled cold.

Outside any waiting sentry had
To struggle to grip his rifle -
Hardly aware of what he held;
With gunman and gun as one.

A reporter's eyes saw a sentry
Who wore a goatskin layer -
Frozen hairs as porcupine's
Quills - cold became like fire.

In the stillness of deep winter's
Day, any equivalent sentry over
The German side could be heard
Pacing the fire trench, to curse.

They are not so far away to give
Him sympathy of cold equality -
'Poor beggar probably lacking
Warm clothes,' said the Tommy.

Under goat skins tied with string,
Tommy doggedly carried out duty.
Tommy having stuck the wet, now
Stuck out the cold that held them.

The stalwart Tommy, described
To hold that stiff upper lip, makes
No moan - yet the harsh weather
Took its toll on health of many.

Trench foot had become blight -
Better managed when ordered
To massage all feet with oil and
Change socks on dry ground.

An almost impossible task - yet
Trench foot found more sufferers
In the ice, to slide down as they
Could not stand on frozen mud.

Majority of the stoutest soldiers
Had ability to stick to their posts -
In resistance to maladies from
Cold, to hold on until relief arrived.

Back in the billets such men may
Go to the Doctor; 'I feel abit queer.'
Diagnosed as suffering trench fever
As others about also held back.

Reporting to the MO to tell them
Of same old trouble - rheumatism -
Yet doctors told of few malingerers,
Amid these steel hardened men.

Extreme of cold was in existence
Back at home, where folk had took
To ice skating; but were no such joy
On the France and Flanders roads.

Men were observed, marching
Daily, their combined breathing
Exhaling, forming clouds over
Their thousand formed heads.

Hard heels beating out a tattoo
Over iced roads - many red noses
And ears beneath steel helmets -
Wrapped in shaggy 'stink' coats.

Their shapes were amusement
Of some staff officers driving past
In their cars, although their fun
Was altogether cut short by ice.

A month from Christmas day,
Business took officer on duty
On long journeys, down lonely
Places, by barren fields of snow.

Nothing about and far from
Telephones, to find the freeze
Affected their car, as radiators
And carburettors broke down.

Stretches of roads shone with
Black ice patches, which caused
Skids into snowdrifts; abandoned
So lights fade by failed batteries.

Flanders and France floundered
Under the bitter grip of icy January
Temperature ready to beat records,
As Tommy repeats; 'eh but its cold.'

by Jamie Mann.

Gibbs. P.,1917. Ice-Clad Trenches - Ordeal For Our Men - Hardest Frost Of The War. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 29 January 1917. P.7. Col.3. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214158/Daily-Telegraph-January-29-1917.html> [Accessed: 29 January 2017].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 29 January 2017). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Westernfront

Sunday, 25 September 2016

Poem ~ Soldiers' Identities - Monday, 25 September 1916 - Tuesday, 26 September 1916

Source: File: Identity Tags: Fergus Read. See an original image at: <http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/first-world-war-identity-tags> [Accessed 25 September 2016]

Issued as an unseen part of uniform,
To be common amongst all armies
On each side - ideas of identity discs
Had been around since 1862 when
ID was worn by all Union soldiers -
Though the American notion was
Officially rejected, many soldiers
Chose still to wear them two years
Later came ideas of Hundesmarke.

Supposedly Koenig Wilhelm raged;
'My soldiers are not dogs!' forbidden
The Prussian soldiers continued
The reference - in and out of favour
The badge gave superstition - for
Some as herald of death - then1870
The Franco Prussian war officially
Provided the recognition tag to all
Prussian troops, obligatory by 1878.

Other countries copied France like
Belgium in the late 1880s - while
Britain already having description
Cards in tunic pockets from 1890s.
Then, January 1907 Army Order 9
Of British army produced identity
Disc - specifically stating stamped
Aluminum discs to be worn about
Necks on a cord, 42 inches long.

Amendments came at war's break -
1914 with cost of aluminium too great
Led to new discs being devised, from
Brick coloured vulcanided asbestos -
The disc still stamped as from 1907 -
Yet some choose to acquire privately  
Bought bracelet forms - while some
Had second disc; in want of a stamp
An alternative record was written in ink.

With such exceptions, identifying
The dead was made hard - methods
Of administration were to remove
The disc from the body - an enquiry
Run by Commission of Graves
Registration made recommendation;
By May 1916 making a second disc.
Highlighted by the Army Order 287,
By September 1916 was compulsory.

In the act of administration of dead
Newspapers publicized the fact that
Each British soldier were to wear
Two discs - Disc Identity no 1, green,
Also made of vulcanised asbestos,
Cut into a lozenge shape - while red
Disc would be Disc identity no 2 -
This latter disc in event of a soldier
Or officer dying would be removed.

The tan ID would hang from below
The green on 6 inch cord, on a longer
Cord, holding the green disc, would
Remain on the body into the burial -
As regulated by Army Order 287
Of 1916, every active personnel were
To wear them around the neck; any
Neglect to do so would be a breech
Of discipline, active from November.

The original pattern of aluminum
Was stamped with a man's name,
Regiment, rank, religion all along
With a service number - a change
Was made to drop religion and
Rank, but reconsideration restored
Religion - with any man's alteration
To rank led to a new one stamped -
Such was idea to solve problems.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Soldiers' Identity Discs. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 25 September 1916. P.6. Col.5. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12213292/Daily-Telegraph-September-25-1916.html> [Accessed: 25 September 2016].

Source: File: Weapons, Equipment And Uniforms - Identifying the Dead: a Short Study of the Identification Tags of 1914-1918. Available at: <http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/the-great-war/great-war-on-land/weapons-equipment-uniform/1033-identifying-dead-short-study-identification-tags-1914-1918.html> [Accessed 25 September 2016]

Source: File: WWI Identity Tags. Available at: <http://fmlhw.webplus.net/ww1identitytags.html> [Accessed 25 September 2016]

Source: File: Hodgkinson, P., 2007. Clearing The Dead. Available at: <http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/clearingthedead.html> [Accessed 25 September 2016]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 25 September 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Uniforms

Saturday, 9 July 2016

Poem ~ Boots Are Made For Marching - Sunday, 9 July 1916

Source: File: Three Russian Soldiers. See an original image at: <https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunnybrook100/3377341300/in/album-72157615683192081/> [Accessed 9 July 2016]

Source: File: Russian Army in World War I - Mad Monarchist, [online] <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4wg04_ZqEg&feature=youtu.be> [Accessed: 09 July 2016]

In necessity of an army's day-to-day
Living, frequent marching, running,
Fighting across varieties of rough
Terrain - not to forget days of training,
An allied army required sturdy boots.

Manufacturers of this footwear created
Their own trade references - heavy
Leather was needed to create army
Boots - tanned hide parts prefered
Over butts, shoulders and the cheeks.

Released details of the Army Council's
Intentions to take possession of 'all
Bends of 10lb upwards' - making
Claim to all named parts mentioned;
Would likely push up all leather prices.

Yet the fact was not particularly new -
The Boot and Shoe Manufacturers' 
Secretary stated, on 7th July,
Government's order already done
This - to believe effects as not serious.

Furthermore, an enormous Russian
Order for infantry and ankle boots
Of 3000,000 that would likely
Double - with 3000,000 Cossack
Boots - could push up high demands.

Price rise rumours by such orders
May have added some effect,
Along with reasons, such as
Scarce male labour, to include
Insufficient war bonus from 1915.

More grant applications were under  
Way, while a bubbling crisis came
From obtaining enough leather
To complete big contracts - to find
Sources in time created pressures.

A month had been given to find
All sources for leather uppers
Of tallest boots - for future
Needs, in a current shortage
Of quality, was to import the hide.

The government’s restrictions from
Taking their claim for leathers
Suitable for army boots,
Had resulted in there being
Limited resources of good quality.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. 1916. Army Boots - Russia's Enormous Orders. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 8 July 1916. P.6. Col.2. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12211872/Daily-Telegraph-July-8-1916.html>[Accessed: 9 July 2016].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 9 July 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Uniforms

Tuesday, 28 June 2016

Poem ~ Bullet Proof Tunic - Wednesday, 28 June - 1916


Source: File: Advert - The Bullet-Proof Jacket. [online] See an original image at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12211605/Daily-Telegraph-June-28-1916.html>[Accessed: 28 June 2016]

A long established company,
Whose origins lay as far back
As 1772, in the making of guns
And weapons; the name
Wilkinson Sword Co Ltd.

Their address of 53 Pall Mall,
London, SW, had a reputation
For keenest blades of combat
Knives - also known
As military outfitters.

In talent for their sharpest blade,
Wilkinson Sword had also made
Developments in the handgun -
The Webley and Scott
Self-loading models.

The evolution of modern warfare
Had not just affected weaponry,
But uniform development -
As in steel helmets
Against shrapnel.

June 1916, an advert appeared,
To claim Wilkinson's new bullet
Proof, khaki jacket for officers -
To make for greater,
Protective efficiency.

In a heading, for tunic's resistance 
Against '455 Government revolver
Bullet, from a 20 yards distance,
This patented tunic
Reduced wounds.

The tunic structure would halt most 
Injuries from shell fire - that if not
Fatal, to leave wearer absent
From duty over
Period of weeks.

The secret was with the lining,
Made of high tempered steel -
Whose distribution of weight,
Would conceal any
Heaviness on wearer.

This bullet proof uniform tunic,
Would be of same appearance
As any other military clothing -
Fitted by an expert
For full comfort.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Advert - The Bullet-Proof Jacket. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 28 June 1916. P.7. Col.4. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12211605/Daily-Telegraph-June-28-1916.html>[Accessed: 28 June 2016].

Source: File: A Brief History of Wilkinson Sword Online. Available at: <http://www.wilkinsonfscollection.com/wilkinsonfscollection.com/Wilkinson_a_brief_history.html> [Accessed 28 June 2016]

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 28 June 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Uniforms

Wednesday, 23 March 2016

Poem ~ British Brodie Versus French Adrian - Thursday, 23 March 1916


Impression sketch of Brodie versus Adrian - by Jamie. Original images can be seen at:  <http://thebrodiehelmet.weebly.com/war-office-pattern.html> <https://www.worldwarsupply.com/cart/French-Adrian-Helmet> [Accessed: 23 March 2016]

Learning by experience of wearers
From the French casque, designers
Of the British Brodie then perfected
Their final design to be distributed.

Taking over from the War Office,
Ministry of Munitions made articles -
Final idea combining various designs,
Within weeks from different origins.

By compacted time a scientific evolution
Was described, in design of effective
Headpieces formed from hardest steel,
To have circumference of a narrow lip.

A fault detected from the French casque
Was the higher dome, allowing cool air
To collect at the top - the fit being tighter
So the metal pressed on wearer’s head.

Therefore the Brodie was constructed
With a lower pitch than French, made
To make a lower target - smooth steel
Without projections or any weak flutings.

Made at Armaments House, developed
A comfortable fit - rubber studs in dome
Absorbed any shock, with a double lining
Of felt and wadding against wearers head.

The wadding would act to absorb blood
With some antiseptic, should a bullet
Cut through metal to cause scalp wound -
While a chinstrap held helmet to the head.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. The British Helmet. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 23 March 1916. P.9. Col.6. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12200314/Daily-Telegraph-March-23-1916.html [Accessed: 23 March 2016].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 23 March 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1uniforms

Tuesday, 8 March 2016

Poem ~ Brodie's Score A Hit - Wednesday, 8 March 1916

Source: File: North Regiment, 1916. They have just been issued with the new steel Brodie Helmet.jpg. [online] See original image available at: <http://www.mylearning.org/the-loyal-north-regiment/images/1-4637/> [Accessed: 8 March 2016]
           
Having undergone thorough tests,
A recent addition to Tommy uniforms
Had proved itself with worthy results.

By singular events, the steel casque
Had previously proved a big ability
To protect the wearer during attacks.

Then came broad applications atop
Soldier’s heads, during the fights
From 2 March, with the Bluff assaults.

A high percentage of injuries from
Previous major actions, had found
Certain wounds in dressing stations.

Fractures to men’s skulls had become
Common, forming dangerous wounds -
Battle of the Bluff saw a drop of cases.

The patented Brodie helmet from 1915
Had seen applications by 1916 action -
Collected field helmets held the proof.

From the dented or rented casques,
The wearer had only suffered scalp
Hits; either concussed or unscathed.

One steel bowl had even encountered
A shave with a shell, another a butt end
Of German rifle, both wearers unhurt.

The man had been able to retaliate,
By bayoneting the foe - others studied
Fiercely struck by shrapnel fragments.

Feedback from men who wore Brodies,
Pitted by bullets, were barely aware
Of hits, apart from sudden compression.

They described the like as shelter under
A tin roof during a hailstorm; if cloth caps
Had been worn such men would be dead.

From trench fighting evidence it could
Not be overstated, how the vulnerability
Of heads proved all metal casques value.

Conjecture evoked that other curiosities
May appear, where practicality dictates
Fashion, to revert to days of pikemen.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Life-Saving Casques - Striking Testimony. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 8 March 1916. P.10. Col.3. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12183691/Daily-Telegraph-March-8-1916.html [Accessed: 8 March 2016].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 8 March 2016). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Uniform

Sunday, 24 January 2016

Poem ~ An Army Marches On Its Boots - Monday, 24 January 1916

Impression sketch: boots and puttees - by Jamie. See original at:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-25879184

In creating uniformity and solidity,
For every able bodied man to fight
Was the fundamental needs for boots -
From the centre of the British
Shoe industry, Northamptonshire
Proved ability to step up to the mark.

Shoe leather supplies had
Provided from the break of war
Needs for up to five armies
Together with British and French
Were Serbian, Belgium - along
With Italian armies boot needs.

The British style army boot
Alone, would rack up on
A normal week, pairs to be worth
£325,000 - to peak £400,000
During the busiest of weeks -
All built to an Empires designs.

Overcoming a pre-war slump,
The industry set to make up
Field service knees boots -
Then with Marines marching boots,
Gurkhas short-footed boots or sailors
Thigh boots, a man might float in.

Furthermore were flying Corps
Boots, sandals for West African
Soldiers; then there were felt soled
Powder magazine boots and special
Issue, designed for those tropical
Countries needing Mosquito boots.

These latter issue for soldiers
Destined for tropical climes,
Had been ordered one Saturday,
To be shipped by the Tuesday -
Barely 4 days for a company who
Before had never heard of them.

Designed and patterns cut out by
Evening of day one, so that Sunday
The shoe factory ran at full steam -
For the boots were ready on rails
By Monday, prepared to be taken
To the transport boat on Tuesday.

Another army of the Russian type
Was on the cards for high legged
Boots, to number three million -
To push demands on industry
30,000,000 feet of upper leather
And soles numbers of 250,000.

In terms of sole leather 'bends'
Would number 250,000, while repair
Bends could add up to 200,000 -
With additions of hides of 300,000 -
Such would be demands of the
Russian Army’s high-legged boots.

Recounted as the most challenging
Of boots were those for Italians,
In designs demanding toe cases,
Like those of football boots -
Made with insistence of certain nails
Used, to raise demand of  £20 a ton.

Boom time had returned to county
Of Northamptonshire - with such
Numbers being used since 1914,
What figures might then be reached,
By wars finish, with a call for sturdiest
Thick-soled, hob nailed army boots.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Boots For Five Armies - Northamptonshire's Output. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 21 January 1916. P.5. Col.5. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12108578/Daily-Telegraph-January-24-1916.html [Accessed: 22 January 2016].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 22 January 2016). 


#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Northampton