Showing posts with label Armenians. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Armenians. Show all posts

Thursday, 18 February 2016

Poem ~ The Fight for Ezurum - Friday, 18 February 1916


Source: File: Turkish gun (15 cm Ringkanone L/26 Krupp) captured by the Russian Army, Erzurum, 1916.jpg. [online]  Available at: <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gun-erzurum-niva-1916-11.jpg> [Accessed: 18 February 2016]

Bleak days of Erzurum, the east
Turkish city, whose involvement
had acted in Armenian Genocide,
As a main centre of deportation.

With milder spring days came
The detainment of prominent
Armenians - held in April1915
By early May 450 were killed.

Before the year 1914 Erzurum
Had a strength of an Armenian
Community to number 20,000 -
In 1916 barely 100 were alive.

Months later this silent front
Stirred, with Russians to open
Caucasus front; the campaign
For Erzurum proved difficult.

Facing the Caucasus Russian
Army were mountainous forts,
To protect the main fortress
Of Erzurum - winter soon fell.

Depths of January could see
Up to four feet of snow - each
Bitter day would be a third
Enemy - to halt real progress.

Yet Russia equalled in such
Hardships, bred a hardy type
Of man and 10 January saw
First fights for Azkani village.

Mainly Ottoman complacency
First saw their XI corps broken
By the Russian forces, to gain 
Mountain crest of Kara Urgan.

Turks small numbers advantaged
The Russians to cut in weakest
Parts of the line - giving surprise
In Koprukoy's fight for Erzurum.

Knowing their lack of reserves,
With poor Ottoman defences
The Russian pushed out towards
Cakir-baba ridge in bad weather.

Siberian Cossacks, the hardiest
Russian troops, sent by General
Yudenich - yet the Ottomans fell
Back to west Erzurum fortress.

On day 18 January the Russians
Were only 25 miles from Erzurum.
On reaching the town Hasankale,
Then the Turkish began to worry.

Ottoman General of the 3rd army,
Mahmut Kamil Paşa, attempted
To strengthen lines of defence,
As Russian won battle of Mush.

Into days of February, Mahmut
Kamil believed Kargapazar ridge
Was impassable - yet just here
The Russian columns marched.

Turkish X Corps and Deve-Boyun
Ridge divisions could not halt
Russian determination - Erzurum
Was under north and east threats.

Under each Russian success,
Approaches to Erzurum opened -
Ranked the second best defended
Town of the Ottoman Empire.

The Erzurum fortifications formed
Two ringed arcs to number eleven
Forts at its centre - artillery made
From 235 strengthened elements.

11 February, Russian shells rained
Down on the Erzurum fortifications -
Ottoman's outnumbered by Russian
Battalions in a desperate defence.

Russian against Ottoman - onward
And backwards as Turkish saw
Russians gain heights of Erzurum
Plains - the Turks started to retreat.

12 February Fort Kara Gobek fell -
14 February Fort Tafet was taken;
The city’s rings were penetrated -
15 February saw other forts fall.

When dawn lifted 16 February '16,
Russian Cossacks rode into city
Of Erzurum - their armies success
Soured any Turkish Gallipoli victory.

News travelled on the same day
Via Constantinople and Amsterdam
To tell on Wednesday 16 February,
Of Russian held Erzurum fortress.

Optimism held high, how Turks
Became depleted of 3 army corps;
9th 10th and 11th - in allied belief
For entire loss of a Caucasus army.

Achievements were high, to see
In only five days of Russian
Action - to storm an seemingly
Impregnable Erzurum fortress.

Gains would likely include booty
Of Erzurum's gunnery - possibly
1000 pieces of varied calibre -
Both Turkish and German types.

While success celebrated by
The west, what might be likely
Reactions of Ottoman minister
Of war, Ismail Enver Pasha?

Along with German allies
They would be bound to play
Down their failures, to keep
Truth from public and army.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. The Russians at Erzerum - Enormous Booty - 1,000 Guns In The Fort - Enemy's Plight. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 18 February 1916. P.9. Col.4. Available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12161940/Daily-Telegraph-February-18-1916.html [Accessed: 18 February 2016].

Source: File: Erzurum Offensive. Online. Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzurum_Offensive> [Accessed 18 January 2016]



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Poema ~ Bor'ba za Erzurum - v pyatnitsu, 18 Fevralya 1916

Istochnik: Fayl: Turetskiy pistolet ( 15 sm Ringkanone L / 26 Krupp ) zakhvachen russkoy armiyey , Erzurum, 1916.jpg. [ Onlayn ] Dostupno po adresu: <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gun-erzurum-niva-1916-11.jpg> [ Accessed: 18 fevralya 2016]

Mrachnyye dni Erzurum, na vostoke
Turetskiy gorod, ch'ye uchastiye
deystvovala v Genotside armyan,
V kachestve osnovnogo tsentra deportatsii.

S prishli boleye myagkiye vesenniye dni
Zaderzhaniye vidnym
Armyane - provedennyye v April1915
K nachalu maya 450 byli ubity.

Do 1914 goda Erzurum
Yesli by sila armyanina
Soobshchestvo na nomer 20000 -
V 1916 godu yedva 100 byli zhivy.

Cherez neskol'ko mesyatsev etot tikhiy front
Vzvolnovannyy, s rossiyanami, chtoby otkryt'
Kavkazskiy front; kampaniya
Dlya Erzurume okazalos' trudnym.

Oblitsovochnyye Kavkaz Russian
Vooruzhennyye sily byli gornyye forty,
Dlya zashchity glavnoy kreposti
Erzurum - zima skoro upal.

Glubiny yanvarya mog videt'
Do chetyrekh futov snega - kazhdyy
Gor'kaya den' budet tretiy
Vrag - chtoby ostanovit' real'nyy progress.

Tem ne meneye, Rossiya uravneny v takikh
Tyagoty, razvodyat vynoslivyy tip
Muzhchiny i 10 yanvarya piloy
Pervyye boi za sela Azkani.

V osnovnom Osmanskaya samouspokoyennost'
Vo-pervykh uvidel ikh XI korpus slomany
Po rossiyskim silam, chtoby poluchit'
Gornyy greben' Kara Urgan.

Turki nebol'shoye chislo blagopoluchnykh
Russkiye sokratit' v slabykh
Chasti linii - davaya syurpriz
V boyu Kopryukoy dlya Erzurume.

Znaya ikh otsutstviye rezervov,
S plokhimi osmanskikh oborony
Rossii vytalkivayetsya v storonu
Dzhakir-baba khrebet v plokhuyu pogodu.

Sibirskiye kazaki, vynoslivyye
Rossiyskiye voyska, prislannyye General'nym
Yudenich - poka osmany upal
Nazad k zapadnoy Erzurum kreposti.

Na 18-y den' yanvarya rossiyane
Byli tol'ko v 25 milyakh ot Erzuruma.
Dostignuv goroda Khasankale,
Togda turetskiy nachal bespokoit'sya.

Osmanskaya general 3-y armii,
Makhmut Kamil Pashi, pytalsya
Dlya usileniya linii oborony,
V Rossii vyigral bitvu Mushe.

V dni fevralya, Makhmut
Kamil' veril Kargapazar khrebet
Byl neprokhodimymi - yeshche raz zdes'
Russkiye kolonny shli.

Turetskiy X Korpus i Deve-Boyun
Ridzh podrazdeleniya ne mogli ostanovit'
Rossii opredeleniye - Erzurum
Byl pod severnoy i vostochnoy ugrozy.

Pod kazhdym uspekhom russkikh,
Podkhody k Erzurum otkryt -
Zanimayet vtoroye mesto luchshe vsego zashchishchal
Gorod Osmanskoy imperii.

Ukrepleniya Erzurum formiruyetsya
Dva kol'chatykh dugi na nomer odinnadtsat'
Forty v yego tsentre - artilleriya iz
Iz 235 elementov usileny.

11 fevralya rossiyskiye snaryady posypalis'
Vniz na ukrepleniy Erzurum -
Osmanskaya-kh prevoskhodili russkiy
Batal'ony v otchayannoy oborone.

Rossii protiv Osmanskoy imperii - vpered
I v obratnom napravlenii, kak turetskiy pily
Rossiyane nabirat' vysotu Erzurum
Ravniny - turki nachali otstupat'.

12 fevralya Fort Kara Gobek upal -
14 fevralya Fort Tafet byl vzyat;
kol'tsa goroda byli pronikali -
15 fevralya videli drugiye forty padayut.

Kogda na rassvete podnyal 16 fevralya '16,
Rossiyskiye kazaki v"yekhali v gorod
Erzurum - ikh armiy uspekha
Isportilis' lyuboy turetskiy Gallipoli pobedu.

Novosti puteshestvovali v tot zhe den'
Cherez Konstantinopol' i Amsterdam
Skazat' v sredu 16 fevralya,
Iz Rossii provel Erzurum kreposti.

Optimizm vysoko podnyatoy, to kak turki
Stala obednen 3 armeyskikh korpusov;
9-ya i 10-ya 11-ya - v soyuznicheskoy very
Dlya vsey poteri armii Kavkaza.

Dostizheniya byli vysoki, chtoby uvidet'
Vsego za pyat' dney russkogo yazyka
Deystviye - shturmovat' na pervyy vzglyad
Nepristupnaya krepost' Erzerum.

Dokhody, veroyatno, vklyuchayut v sebya dobychu
Iz artilleriyskom Erzurum v - vozmozhno,
1000 yedinits raznoobraznogo kalibra -
Kak turetskiye i nemetskiye tipy.

V to vremya kak uspekh prazdnovali
Na zapad, chto mozhet byt', veroyatno,
Reaktsii osmanskogo ministra
Voyny, Ismail Enver-pasha?

Naryadu s nemetskimi soyuznikami
Oni budut obyazany igrat'
Vniz svoi neudachi, chtoby sokhranit'
Pravda ot obshchestvennosti i armii.

Ot Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1916. Russkiye v Erzurume - Booty - Ogromnuyu 1000 pushkami v Fort - bedstvennomu protivnika. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 8 Fevralya 1916. P.9. Col.4. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12161940/Daily-Telegraph-February-18-1916.html [Accessed: 8 Fevralya 2016].

Istochnik: Fayl : Erzurum Offensive . V seti. Dostupno po adresu : <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzurum_Offensive> [ Accessed 18 fevralya 2016]



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Tuesday, 15 December 2015

Poem ~ Armenian Suffering - Wednesday, 15 December 1915


Source: File: Armenian intellectuals jailed and later executed on the night of April 24, 1915.jpeg, [online] Available at: <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:April24 Victims.jpg> Accessed: 15 December 2015].

With thousands of years of history gone,
That had passed in the Caucasus region
Of Eurasia - the home of Armenians -
Here, their kingdom over centuries, saw
The shifting of control between empires.

Held over more than five hundred years
Within the Ottoman Empire, given dual
Allowance for autonomy - yet control
Reigned Christians, with lesser rights,
Than for those who ruled over lands.

Armenian progress made suspicions,
As Turkish resented their successes -
While lessons are made in the past;
Warnings can be ignored by those
Future generations, in new decisions.

As empires rise they also crumble -
Applying to the Ottomans too, who
Set to resolve Armenian question -
Whose national protests resulted
By Turkish act of 1890s massacres.

The Armenian hopes raised 1908
With the 'Young Turks' of Turkey -
Yet ambitions of an emerging state
Was to 'Turkify' their country; only
To see other outsiders as threats.

Within the new conflicts of 1914,
Saw sides of Turkey with Germany
And Austro Hungarian Empires - all
Leading to defences of Gallipoli,
Against an invading forces of allies.

Suspicions formed of internal traitors,
Came in emergence of Armenians,
To give Russians volunteer battalions;
Prompting actions on eastern front
In Turkish permission for genocide.

The date, 24 April 1915, started with
Arrests of Armenian Intellects, who
Were executed - while the ordinary
Armenians were forced from homes,
Led naked to Mesopotamian deserts.

Eight months on and a whistle blow
Of such sufferings, became known
To the western public  - came stories
Of death journeys reported by Bryce,
Issued by the Daily Telegraph editor.

With alphabet references to cover
Exact locations and names of those
Who would be identified, to include
One official Turk in a position; unable
To halt persecutions or deportations.

From X, those exiled were permitted
To gain shelter for too short a time -
Allowed security, until police orders
Forced them to leave for Y - when
5000 driven out of a town under lash.

People treated little more as cattle,
Into the streets and wagons, driven
To encampments - 500 taken away,
As rest remained, as some bribed
Way into town, until driven out again.

Such treatments also incurred cost,
As each ousting forced people to pay
In transportation of all their goods -
Along with Police, taking bribes in
Bakshishes, acceptance for favours.

Within any morning of the camp,
Witnesses saw Police approach
A section - People ordered to take
Tents down - using clubs people
Were told to march to destination Y.

Under vicious force the Armenians
Would embark, to know a journey
Might involve facts of starvation,
Murder, taking of girls - all unless
They gave money for a days respite.

The repetitive orders were given -
'Down with the tents' - to lack
All respect for infirm or the sick
Or the old - backed by stick or whip;
Only money might buy another day.

Amalgamation of the Armenians
Included those from Z, transported
By wagon tracked by Circassians -
Who followed with murderous acts
Of robbery; Gendarmes retaliated.

Despite able men serving in army
Of Turkey in loyalty, their families
Might be pushed out - declared by 
Petition of marriage, a wife was
Accepted only by payment charges.

Stories came by reported rumors,
To arrive under representatives,
Via United States - whose hospitals
Openly witnessed those Armenians
Who paused on the death marches.

As written by the reporter Bryce,
Who told how reports came from
Place K - how only in three weeks
Prior, two hundred chief Armenians
Were taken and moved by wagons.

At night, they were conveyed
To a river bank and murdered -
40 people at a time - another
Said how days before Armenian
Men were taken of every faiths.

Tied together, stripped and
Moved - their whereabouts lost.
While women and girls taken
To Turkish villages - all to be
Distributed out to whoever.

One wealthy Armenian man,
Had wife and daughters taken
Away, to leave him crazed - as
300 boys, witnessed by a railway
Official saw them circumcised.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1915. Journey to Death - Terrible Stories of Armenian Sufferings - A Million Lives. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 15 December. P.4. Col.7. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12041969/Daily-Telegraph-December-15-1915.html [Accessed: 15 December 2015].

Source: File: The Armenian Genocide. Online Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide> Accessed 11 December 2015

Mann, J., 2015. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 15 December 2015). 




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