Saturday, 25 March 2017

Poem ~ Russia And Speculation - Sunday, 25 March 1917 - Saturday, 31 March 1917


Source: File: Vladimir 'Lenin' Ilyich Ulyanov in Exile. Collective Leadership. See an original image at: <http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/11562318> [Accessed 25 March 2017]

16 March 1917 of the Gregorian calendar,
Noted how just over a week of revolution
Within Russia brought out reactions from
Other world countries - America's press
Were positive to respect Russia's people.

The view had arrived from New York,
Unblended by a lengthy Berlin wireless
Message to neutral countries - whose
Influence of assistance had funded
The return of Bolsheviks to Russia.

This included one certain figure intent
To lead the party; Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
Known by alias Lenin - propaganda from
Germany had sought to suggest how
Russia would then be out of the war.

London opinion had no such thought -
Rebirth of Russian determination
Was suggestion - united Russian, free
Of plots would be better equipped;
Revolts success would defeat Germany,

A Petrograd dispatch told how army
Was on revolutionary side - two years
Of war bled away complete Tsar loyalty
And obedience to the Empire - America
Had welcomed the change of rule.

To say how entrusted Duma leaders
With others were directing the empire -
Maladministration’s had been turned
Upside down to realise ambitions; for
Russian access to unfrozen seas.

News of the Tsar's abdication raised
By press, as in the New York Times,
Noted the passing of an old regime,
Maybe to herald a new free world;
Democratic countries looked to Russia.

Democracy would free Russian
People - that good organization
Would make defeat of revolution
Impossible - what then will those
Autocrats in Germany consider?

The New York Tribune had debated
How changes of Russian rule may
Be decisive act to defeat Germany -
Within New York Times was theory
Of temporary abdication of monarchy.

To see new constitutional Tsar form
That could rule as head of the state;
America eagerly awaited more news.
Yet German reaction was subdued;
Perhaps a more realistic viewpoint.

Overall the view from Germany
Was one of regret and unknown -
How might alliances be affected?
A warning made by press to say
Caution against any change in war.

Deutsche Zeitung; 'personalities are
Central to events,' Vassische Zeitung;
Advised judgment; Berliner Tageblatt
Warned of anti monarchy; Frankfurter
Zeitung stated; can be no prediction.

A calmer reaction purveyed France
Where Press in the 'Temps' saw a shift
To the left in Bureaucracy and peoples
Struggles - a power shift to a bloc held
By assemblies and an army majority.

Yet the 'Temps' reminded the reader by
France's own historical fight for liberty.
Holland held change as victory for war
Parties, to end speculation of separate
Peace between Russia and Germany.

Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant added,
Idea of revolution would lend continuation
Of war - Italian military situation would
Not alter due to rapid manner of revolt -
Italy said: 'evil out of which good will come.'

Skepticism dominated - such Russian
Events as a telegram in Austrian capital
Of Vienna - any results of rising were far
Too soon to speculate; the coup d'etate
Would have a world reaching effects.

Analysis of Denmark dwelled on theory
That the old government had tendencies
Of a bond with Germany - in a renewal
Of rule, Russia would lean to envigoured
Route into the war as shared in Britain.

British MP Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron
Weardale's statement in an interview
Told of close acquaintance of many
Members of the new Russian cabinet -
To hope for new freedoms for people.

Stanhope shared belief of resurgence
By military presence on the fighting
Field - how agricultural movements
Would now be restored, to deal with
Food shortages with Moscow at centre.

Seen as important, British opinion held
Thoughts of Henry Mayes Hyndman,
A founder of Britain’s first socialist party;
This had been an ideal revolution
Where limited blood had been spilled.

A 'parasitical class' had been overturned
To claim facts had been issued in 'Justice,'
5 months before - background intrigue
Had led to downfall, while Miliukoff gained
Praise by Hyndman for smooth revolt.

So Kaiser be warned writing is on wall -
A world was watching wheel of revolution
For a smoothed shift of Russian power,
To rise and crush Germany; yet a wary
World should beware of revolutionaries.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1917. A Worlds View On The Russian Revolt - America Delighted. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 8 March 1917. P.6. Col.4. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214364/Daily-Telegraph-March-8-1917.html> [Accessed: 25 March 2017].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 25 March 2017). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1Russia

Friday, 24 March 2017

Poem ~ War Surgery - Saturday, 24 March 1917


Source: File: Wounded undergoing operations WWI. See an original image at: <http://history-help.wikia.com/wiki/File:Ww1_hospital.jpg> [Accessed 24 March 2017]

Amid progressive developments
Created by situation of the war,
Were attempts by medicine 
In order to treat severe wounds.

A son of the MP James O'Grady,
Trade unionist of Labour Party,
Was given cutting edge surgery,
Badly injured some months prior.

Severity mean that an arm had
To be amputated - the surgeon 
Did not leave it there, to cut
Part of the bone from the arm.

Doing this he made the attempt
To save the fellow's limb - an
Operation followed to reattach
Arm once more to the shoulder.

Severed tendons were sewn
Back together - this worked,
So the O'Grady soldier was
Able to lift a cup and drink tea.

The discernible difference was
To be that, the arm compared
To the other arm, was shorter;
The bone removed 2 1/2 inches.

by Jamie Mann.

Anon.,1917. A Surgical Marvel. The Daily Telegraph, [online] 8 March 1917. P.6. Col.4. Available at: <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/ww1-archive/12214364/Daily-Telegraph-March-8-1917.html> [Accessed: 24 March 2017].

Mann, J., 2016. 100 years Ago - Poems by Jamie Mann. [letter] (Personal communication, 24 March 2017). 



#WW1 #WW1centenary #GreatWar #WW1poem #GreatWar #WW1centenary #worldwarone #worldwaroneremembered #WW1medicene

Thursday, 16 March 2017

Poema ~ Rossiyskiye revolyutsionery - pyatnitsa, 16 marta 1917 - pyatnitsa, 23 marta 1917

Istochnik: Fayl: Rabochiye i soldaty pered Dumoy. Rossiya 1917. Sm. Iskhodnoye izobrazheniye na stranitse <https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/44203/February+1917+++when+workers+remade+history> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017]

Istochnik: Fayl: Nikolay II, v Tsarskom Sele posle yego otrecheniya v marte 1917 goda. Smotrite original'noye izobrazheniye po adresu: <https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Nikolaus_II._%28Russland%29. JPG> PD-US [Dostupno 16 marta 2017]

i
Voprosy vnutrirossiyskikh situatsiy
Nekotoroye vremya razmyshlyal -
Ubiystvo Rasputina malo pomoglo
Uspokoit' tsarskoye nedoveriye.

Romanovy byli yedinstvennymi
Vtoraya dinastiya pravit Rossiyey -
Tsarstvo dlilos' 300Gody; yeshche
Dvadtsatyy vek razvodyat
Obidy sredi samykh bednykh lyudey.

Podklass russkogo krest'yanstva byl
Zapert v proshlom, chtoby ispol'zovat'
Metody sel'skogo khozyaystva, lishennyye
Lyubaya sovremennost' - delayet mnogikh bednymi.

Lyudi ne zabyli 1905 goda, data
V voskresen'ye 22 yanvarya, kogda
Nevooruzhennyye protestuyushchiye podoshli
Zimniy dvorets vo glave s o. Georgiyem
Gapon, chtoby podat' petitsiyu.

Bez prikaza tsarya Imperskiy
Gvardeyets vystrelil v tolpu, chtoby ubit'
Protestuyushchiye; Krovavyy voskresnyy effekt
Podnyali mysli o revolyutsii.

S bystrymi otraslyami promyshlennosti v novoye
Stoletiye ostalos' nespravedlivo; nizkaya zarabotnaya
Plata v techeniye dolgikh chasov,
Nezdorovaya perenaselennost' v gorodakh -
K bednosti prishla politicheskaya osvedomlennost'.

V popytke uspokoit' vosstaniye 1905 goda,
Tsar' Nikolay nachal reformu
S izbrannym parlamentom Gosudarstvennoy Dumy,
Prichem Tsar' razdelil by vsyu svoyu vlast'.

Duma, vzyataya ot slova «dumat'» -
Konsul'tativnyy komitet byl pervym izbrannym
V rezul'tate izbiratel'nogo prava muzhchin provesti
Provintsial'nyye chleny s trebovaniyami.

Reformy v oblasti prav na zemlyu v torgovle
Soyuzy i politicheskiye zaklyuchennyye budut
Vypushcheno - vse otvergnuto tsarem - togda
Yeshche odna Duma 1907 goda
Reformatory; Tsar' Nikolay zakonchil eto.

ii
Izmeneniya obrabotali utochnennyye idealy
Dlya vysshikh predstaviteley znati -
Tret'ya Duma dlilas' na polnyy srok
Pyat' let - chetvertaya Duma bezhala
Analogichnym obrazom provodit' politiku.

S toy zhe Dumoy, chto i voyna
Brok, golosovaniye za podderzhku Tsarya bylo
Osparivayemaya bol'shevistskim prisutstviyem,
Byt' arestovannym i otpravlennym v Sibir'.

Mikhail Rodzyanko, lider tret'yego
Duma, podderzhivaya tsarya,
Kritikuyet yego pravilo i prisutstviye
Prepodobnogo Rasputina - predlagaya
Chto on na samom dele nemetskiy shpion.

Preduprezhdeniye ot Rodzyanko
Tsar', chtoby otkryt' glaza na Rasputina,
Kto imel plokhoye vliyaniye na svoyu dinastiyu,
Chtoby podorvat' doveriye k vlasti.

Odnako u monakha ne bylo zhelaniya voyny,
Chtoby predupredit' Nikolasa, prisoyedinilis' li oni
Konflikt institutov monarkha
Byl by v opasnosti - Rasputin takzhe
Predvidel sobstvennoye ubiystvo.

Yesli dvoryane zabrali zhizn' Rasputina
Upal by na gosudarstvo v chume;
Deti tsarya umerli v techeniye dvukh let -
S tsarem, ubitym narodom.

K kontsu 1916 goda Rasputin byl mertv,
Ubito bandoy blagorodstva. V to vremya kak
Vidimyye kak sumasshedshiye, prorochestva
Rasputina stal vernym, kogda voyna poshla
Rossiya, ekonomika kotoroy kolebalas'.

S trebovaniyami muzhchin srazhat'sya poperek
Front, sel'skoye khozyaystvo i promyshlennost' Rossii
Poterpel - vmesto togo, chtoby snabzhat' goroda
S yedoy transport perevozil armii.

Rezul'tat privel k massovomu golodu.
Rukovodit' armiyey v kachestve komandira
Glavnokomanduyushchiy tsar' Nikolay postroil udilishche
Dlya yego spiny - lyubaya neudacha budet otdykhat'
Na tsarya - yego otsutstviye dobavilo effektov.

iii
Samoderzhavnomu gosudarstvu nuzhen byl tsar'
Prinimat' pravitel'stvennyye resheniya - poka
Tsaritsynu, nemetskuyu printsessu, ostavili
V vedenii, s Rasputinym v kachestve sovetnika.

Narodnyye razocharovaniya vyzvali
Obrashcheniye k politicheskim gruppam, takim kak
Bol'sheviki - nebol'shaya organizatsiya
U ch'ikh izgnannykh liderov ne bylo vlasti.

Iz mraka novogo goda voprosy
Prinyali -1917 dni, kotoryye podkhodili
Yulianskiy kalendar', chey izryadnyy
Daty otlichalis' ot grigorianskogo.

V to vremya kak v drugikh stranakh,
Rossiya byla yeshche v fevrale, kogda
Trudnosti bystro voznikli; Nekhvatka
Nakonets, prodovol'stviye, vedushcheye k rostu tsen
Predlozhennyye deystviya zabastovshchikov.

Petrograd; Sobralas' bol'shaya tolpa
11 fevralya, chtoby proytis' po ulitsam.
Lyudi vykrikivali frustratsii
I nachal razbivat' vitriny magazinov.

Duma obvinila pravitel'stvo
Iz-za bezdeystviya - zdes' i tam na fone
Prisutstviye lyudey mozhno bylo uvidet'
Ofitsery armii v ravenstve protestov;
Na ulitsakh stali patrulirovat' kazaki.

Nakanune 10 fevralya Rodzyanko,
V Tsarskom Sele vstretil tsarya,
Preduprezhdeniye o povyshenii napryazhennosti -
Vykachivat' eto nuzhno podderzhat'.

Tsar' Nikolay otverg etu ideyu -
Poskol'ku kazhdyy den' razvorachivalis' zabastovshchiki
K ikh protestam, pooshchryayemym
Bol'sheviki - tem vremenem men'sheviki
Podskazhite al'ternativnyy udar.

Veru v revolyutsiyu burzhuaznymi
Sposoby reformirovaniya po shagam, a ne otkrytyye
Vosstaniye, al'ternativnyy put' k tomu zhe
Rezul'taty stali podderzhivat' Dumu.

IV
K 14 fevralya 58 predpriyatiy s
90 000 rabochikh vyshli na zabastovku -
Tem ne meneye, nadeyalis' proytis' po Tavride
Dvorets ne razocharoval men'shevikov,
Podderzhat' rezidentsiyu Imperskoy Dumy.

Mezhdu tem prizyv k sverzheniyu tsarya
Vzvolnovannyy, vyzvannyy bol'shevikami -
S Petrogradom kak tsentrom problem
Nikolay napravilsya v Mogilev Belarus'.

Tsar' prodolzhal deystvovat' kak glavnokomanduyushchiy
V general'nom shtabe i Stavke. 18 fevralya
Takzhe stali svidetelyami intsidentov,
Provedennyy na Putilovskom zavode v Petrograde,
Gde rabochiye trebovali zarabotnuyu platu.

Boleye vysokiye zatraty na zhizn' nuzhdalis' v boleye
Vysokom zarabotnaya plata - rabotniki staleliteynogo
Zavoda, kogda vladel'tsy otkazalis' udovletvorit'
Trebovaniya, oni okazalis' bez raboty.

22 fevralya - data, kogda tsar' posetil
Voyska, 20 000 rabochikh vyzvali zabastovka, k
Kotoroy dolzhny prisoyedinit'sya drugiye; 100 000
Rabochiye s drugikh zavodov - kazhdyy
Den', vedushchiy k etoy date, obostrilsya.

23 fevralya 1917 goda - 8 marta
V yevropeyskom grigorianskom kalendare -
Otmechennyy mezhdunarodnyy zhenskiy den',
Sobytiye, kotoroye proizoshlo s 1909 goda.

Prazdnovaniye zhenskikh dvizheniy
Prava, nachatyye amerikanskim sotsialistom
Storona - data upala v volnenii Po rossii -
Utro v Petrograde videli, chto russkiye
Zhenshchiny nachinayut marshirovat'.

Na ikh znamenakh byli napisany «Khleb i mir»,
Protsessiya zhenshchin s golovnymi usami.
S surovymi litsami vse derzhali ser'yeznost'
Ob"yedinennyye petrogradskiye tekstil'shchiki.

Prodovol'stvennyye tovary nakhodilis' pod kontrolem
Bezzhalostnykh kulakov - sel'skaya zemlya
Lordy v techeniye mnogikh let oblagalis' nalogami i
Poshlinami upravlyayemyye rabochiye krest'yane
Lyudi - s voynoy kulaki kupili zemli.

V
Poka russkiye lyudi shli na voynu -
Kulaki kupili svoi zemli
Uvideli znacheniye rosta tsen na zerno
V tri raza vyshe, chem zarabotnaya plata.

Iskra popala v komochek, chtoby uvidet'
Zhenshchiny vykhodyat iz zavodov, chtoby podnyat'
Protesty - k nim stali prisoyedinyat'sya lyudi -
Petrograd stal massovym mitingom,
Den', kotoryy yeshche predstoit nazvat' revolyutsiyey.

«Khleb i mir», «Konets defitsita», «Konets»
Voyna "," Konets tsarizma "- Tsar' Nikolay
Ne ostalos' v storone ot etikh progressivnykh
Sobytiya v otsutstvii iz stolitsy.

Odnodnevnyye besporyadki prevratilis' v
Lyudi sobiralis' v postoyannykh zabastovkakh -
Kogda tsar' Nikolay vozvrashchal situatsii
Byli slishkom ochevidny; Demonstratsii
I zabastovshchiki, kazalos', pravili gorodom.

V samorealizatsii, kak Tsar', chtoby byt' tsentrom
Iz volneniya Nikolay skrylsya -
24, 25, 26, 27 fevralya uvidel tornado
Radost'; Rossiya padala na koleni.

Milliony muzhchin iz russkikh zemel'
V armiyu raskhody na produkty pitaniya
Transport postradal - kholod zima podogrela
Nachalo besporyadkov - lyudi zayavlennyy,
Chtoby razbit' magaziny, chtoby vzyat' khleb.

Unifitsirovannoye peniye na ulitsakh
Nnazyvayetsya Tsar' i ministr Protopopov, a
Krasnyye znamena nachali podnimat'sya -
Ministr vnutrennikh del srochno peredal slovo tsaryu.

V nedorazumenii Nikolay veril, chto narod rastet
Ostayutsya kontroliruyemymi; Zakazy byli dany
Prinimaya tverdyye mery dlya podavleniya
Besporyadkov, v to vremya kak
Otstavka pravitel'stva dolzhna byla byt'
Schitayetsya - k 27-mu Duma raspushchena.

Protopopov byl naznachen korotkim diktatorom -
On proignoriroval preduprezhdeniya plokho
Podgotovlennykh imperskaya gvardiya,
Kotoraya zatem vzbuntovalas', chtoby prisoyedinit'sya
Lyudi - ves' kontrol' stal neustoychivym.

Vi
Na kryshakh politseyskikh pritselilis' i vystrelili
V tolpy, chtoby yeshche bol'she razveselit'
Reaktsii - mnogiye voyska nachali storonu
S lyud'mi - situatsiya poshla
Slishkom daleko, tsarya poprosili podat' v otstavku.

General Sergey Khabalov, na svidanii
27 fevralya byli predprinyaty loyal'nyye popytki
Prikazy tsarya vstupili v silu; Otlichnyye bannery
Vyvodil prikazy, chtoby ochistit' ulitsy.

Yeshche bol'she lyudey sobralos', chtoby rezul'tat
S ognem v tolpy - nekotoryye
200 chelovek pogibli - dlya razgona
Iz tolpy imperskikh Volinskikh
Vystrel v vozdukhe, kogda Pavlovskiy vzbuntovalsya.

Vmesto etogo spasateli vystrelili v ofitsera.
Polki Preobrazhenskoy gvardii, ismailovskiy i
Semenovskiy volynskiye okhranniki
Otkazyvayutsya ot vsekh obyazannostey.

V magazinakh «Arsenal»
Zdaniya pravitel'stva, politsii,
Sozhzheny sudy i voyennyye
Vniz - krepost' okazalas' pod kontrolem
Iz lyudey, kak armiya prisoyedinilas' k nim.

Vremennoye pravitel'stvo sformirovalos'
Iz ostatkov Dumy na fone besporyadkov
I otsutstviye vernykh voysk; Obnovlennyy
Trebovaniye prishlo k otrecheniyu tsarya.

Chtoby izbezhat' vozmozhnoy grazhdanskoy voyny i otkryt'
Put' k nemetskomu vtorzheniyu, Tsar' Nikolay
Otrekshiysya - prodolzhit' liniyu Romanovykh
Syn Aleksey - yeshche vrachi posovetovali mal'chiku
Ne khotel zhit' so svoyey sem'yey v izgnanii.

Poetomu Nikolay obratil manifest k gosudarstvu
Kak yego brat, velikiy knyaz' Mikhail,
Byt' Tsarem - no on otkazalsya;
Yesli lyudi ne progolosovali za monarkha.

Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya zakonchilas' 2 marta,
Chtoby ostavit' Rossiyu v nestabil'noy situatsii -
Nikolay bez NPZ, sidel na raspilennom troll'nyy pen' -
3 neukrotimykh strazha Smotret'. Odetyy v uniformu,
Odetyy v odnu medal', Tsar', ne podvergshiysya
Napadeniyu, stolknulsya s fotografom.

ot Jamie Mann.

Istochnik: Fayl: Novyy istorik. Fevral'skaya revolyutsiya - Istoriya izmenilas' meneye chem za dve nedeli. Dostupno po adresu: <http://www.newhistorian.com/6000-2/6000/> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Spartak Obrazovaniye: Duma. Dostupno po adresu: <http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSduma.htm> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Spartak Obrazovaniye: Mikhail Rodzyanko. Dostupno po adresu: <http://spartacus-educational.com/RUSrodzianko.htm> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Vliyaniye Pervoy mirovoy voyny na Rossiyu. Dostupno po adresu: <http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/gcse/russia/3_impactoffirstworldwaronrussia.htm#.WOPMy7GZMo8> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Khronologiya russkoy revolyutsii (1917). Dostupno po adresu: <https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/events/timeline/1917.htm> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Putilovskiy udar 1917 goda. Dostupno po adresu: <https://www.revolvy.com/topic/The%20Putilov%20Strike%20of%201917&uid=1575> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: Mezhdunarodnyy zhenskiy den'. Dostupno po adresu: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day#cite_note-mmf1-8> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

Istochnik: Fayl: 8 marta - Mezhdunarodnyy zhenskiy den': v poiskakh poteryannoy pamyati. Dostupno po adresu: <https://web.archive.org/web/20110313064904/http://www.mmf2010.info/our-action/le-8-mars-2013-journee-internationale-des-femmes-a- La-recherche-de-la-memoire-perdue> [Dostupno 16 marta 2017 g.]

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